{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T06:16:54Z","timestamp":1768457814801,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,14]],"date-time":"2022-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652486400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Germany","award":["BMBF, 10E01003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BMBF, 10E01003"]}]},{"name":"Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Germany","award":["AZ.623-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AZ.623-1"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Economics, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany","award":["BMBF, 10E01003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BMBF, 10E01003"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Economics, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany","award":["AZ.623-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AZ.623-1"]}]},{"name":"Bayer Vital GmbH","award":["BMBF, 10E01003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BMBF, 10E01003"]}]},{"name":"Bayer Vital GmbH","award":["AZ.623-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AZ.623-1"]}]},{"name":"Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH &amp; Co. KG","award":["BMBF, 10E01003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BMBF, 10E01003"]}]},{"name":"Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH &amp; Co. KG","award":["AZ.623-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AZ.623-1"]}]},{"name":"Daiichi Sankyo Europe GmbH","award":["BMBF, 10E01003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BMBF, 10E01003"]}]},{"name":"Daiichi Sankyo Europe GmbH","award":["AZ.623-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AZ.623-1"]}]},{"name":"Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH","award":["BMBF, 10E01003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BMBF, 10E01003"]}]},{"name":"Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH","award":["AZ.623-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AZ.623-1"]}]},{"name":"IMO Institut GmbH","award":["BMBF, 10E01003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BMBF, 10E01003"]}]},{"name":"IMO Institut GmbH","award":["AZ.623-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AZ.623-1"]}]},{"name":"PortaVita BV","award":["BMBF, 10E01003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BMBF, 10E01003"]}]},{"name":"PortaVita BV","award":["AZ.623-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AZ.623-1"]}]},{"name":"German Heart Foundation","award":["BMBF, 10E01003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BMBF, 10E01003"]}]},{"name":"German Heart Foundation","award":["AZ.623-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AZ.623-1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Atherosclerosis and pulmonary embolism (PE) affect cardiovascular mortality substantially. We aimed to investigate the impact of atherosclerosis on the outcomes of patients with deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and to identify the differences in DVT patients with and without PE. Methods: Patients with DVT with and without symptomatic atherosclerosis (defined as coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction and\/or peripheral artery disease) as well as with and without PE under oral anticoagulation were enrolled during January 2011\u2013April 2013 and compared. The impact of symptomatic atherosclerosis on several outcomes was analyzed. Results: Overall, 509 DVT patients (70.0 [56.0\u201377.0] years, 51.9% females) were included in this study. Among them, 179 (36.3%) had symptomatic atherosclerosis and 204 (40.1%) a concomitant PE. DVT patients with symptomatic atherosclerosis were older (74.0 [IQR 65.0\u201380.0] vs. 63.0 [48.0\u201375.0] years, p &lt; 0.0001), more often male (56.4% vs. 43.9%, p = 0.0087) and had a higher prevalence of classical CVRF and a higher Charlson comorbidity index (7.00 [5.00\u20138.00] vs. 4.00 [2.00\u20136.00], p &lt; 0.001). Symptomatic atherosclerosis was associated with increased mortality (HR 1.98 [95%CI 1.12\u20133.49], p = 0.018) and hospitalizations (HR 1.64 [95%CI 1.21\u20132.21], p = 0.0012) and primary long-term outcome (HR 1.99 [95%CI 1.31\u20133.04], p = 0.0013) during the 2 years follow-up-period in DVT patients. DVT patients without PE had diabetes mellitus (28.2% vs. 16.3%, p &lt; 0.01) and symptomatic atherosclerosis (42.9% vs. 26.4%, p &lt; 0.001) more often compared to DVT patients with PE, and symptomatic atherosclerosis was associated with isolated DVT (without PE) (OR 2.01 [95%CI 1.28\u20133.16], p &lt; 0.01). Conclusions: Atherosclerosis was associated with isolated DVT (without PE) and increased mortality in DVT patients under oral anticoagulation. The profile of CVRF and comorbidities differed between DVT patients with and without a concomitant PE. In the case of DVT or PE, patients should be screened for concomitant atherosclerotic disease. Clinical Trial Registration: at clinicaltrials with Unique identifier NCT01809015.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life12050734","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,14]],"date-time":"2022-05-14T09:27:56Z","timestamp":1652520476000},"page":"734","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Atherosclerosis and Its Impact on the Outcomes of Patients with Deep Venous Thrombosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0820-9584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karsten","family":"Keller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz of Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"},{"name":"Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz of Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Sports Medicine, Medical Clinic VII, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen H.","family":"Prochaska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz of Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"},{"name":"Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein Main, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meike","family":"Coldewey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz of Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"},{"name":"Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz of Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"G\u00f6bel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz of Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein Main, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5070-7280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Volker H.","family":"Schmitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz of Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein Main, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7823-7671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omar","family":"Hahad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz of Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein Main, 55131 Mainz, Germany"},{"name":"Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Ullmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz of Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Nagler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz of Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heidrun","family":"Lamparter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz of Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Espinola-Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz of Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5503-4150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"M\u00fcnzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz of Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein Main, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philipp S.","family":"Wild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz of Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"},{"name":"Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein Main, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1613887","article-title":"Incidence of venous thromboembolism: A community-based study in Western France. EPI-GETBP Study Group. Groupe d\u2019Etude de la Thrombose de Bretagne Occidentale","volume":"83","author":"Oger","year":"2000","journal-title":"Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.158.6.585","article-title":"Trends in the incidence of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: A 25-year population-based study","volume":"158","author":"Silverstein","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2276","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehn310","article-title":"Guidelines on the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism: The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Management of Acute Pulmonary Embolism of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)","volume":"29","author":"Torbicki","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra072753","article-title":"Acute Pulmonary Embolism","volume":"358","author":"Tapson","year":"2008","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3453","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz726","article-title":"The 2019 ESC Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Management of Acute Pulmonary Embolism","volume":"40","author":"Konstantinides","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2013.06.019","article-title":"Validation of a score for predicting fatal bleeding in patients receiving anticoagulation for venous thromboembolism","volume":"132","author":"Nieto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Thromb. Res."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz236","article-title":"Trends in thrombolytic treatment and outcomes of acute pulmonary embolism in Germany","volume":"41","author":"Keller","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e007901","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.117.007901","article-title":"Risk Stratification for Bleeding Complications in Patients with Venous Thromboembolism: Application of the HAS-BLED Bleeding Score During the First 6 Months of Anticoagulant Treatment","volume":"7","author":"Brown","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.11.061","article-title":"Management of Pulmonary Embolism: An Update","volume":"67","author":"Konstantinides","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2015.11.026","article-title":"Antithrombotic Therapy for VTE Disease: CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report","volume":"149","author":"Kearon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van Der Heijden, J.F., Hutten, B.A., B\u00fcller, H.R., and Prins, M.H. (2002). Vitamin K antagonists or low-molecular-weight heparin for the long term treatment of symptomatic venous thromboembolism. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev., CD002001.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002001"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"CD001367","article-title":"Duration of treatment with vitamin K antagonists in symptomatic venous thromboembolism","volume":"2014","author":"Hutten","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.108.182428","article-title":"Venous Thromboembolism: Risk factors for recurrence","volume":"29","author":"Zhu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arter. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2726","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000097829.89204.0C","article-title":"Acute Pulmonary Embolism: Part I: Epidemiology, pathophysiology, and diagnosis","volume":"108","author":"Goldhaber","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)71880-8","article-title":"Deep vein thrombosis","volume":"365","author":"Kyrle","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2007.01815.x","article-title":"Links between arterial and venous disease","volume":"262","author":"Prandoni","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1177\/0268355513477009","article-title":"The incidence of pulmonary embolism during deep vein thrombosis","volume":"28","author":"Nielsen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Phlebol. J. Venous Dis."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.6.809","article-title":"Risk factors for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: A population-based case-control study","volume":"160","author":"Heit","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.05.041","article-title":"Impact of concomitant deep or superficial venous thrombosis of the legs on survival of patients with pulmonary embolism","volume":"315","author":"Keller","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2015.08.024","article-title":"History of deep vein thrombosis is a discriminator for concomitant atrial fibrillation in pulmonary embolism","volume":"136","author":"Keller","year":"2015","journal-title":"Thromb. Res."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.025627","article-title":"Heart Disease May Be a Risk Factor for Pulmonary Embolism without Peripheral Deep Venous Thrombosis","volume":"124","author":"Lash","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3033","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu283","article-title":"2014 ESC Guidelines on the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism","volume":"35","author":"Konstantinides","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2012.01.014","article-title":"Pulmonary Embolism without Deep Venous Thrombosis","volume":"26","author":"Schwartz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2009.02.001","article-title":"Venous and arterial thrombosis: Two aspects of the same disease?","volume":"20","author":"Prandoni","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa022157","article-title":"An Association between Atherosclerosis and Venous Thrombosis","volume":"348","author":"Prandoni","year":"2003","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61745-0","article-title":"Venous thromboembolism and subsequent hospitalisation due to acute arterial cardiovascular events: A 20-year cohort study","volume":"370","author":"Sorensen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2168.1999.01129.x","article-title":"Deep venous thrombosis in peripheral vascular disease","volume":"86","author":"Libertiny","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br. J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2021.09.002","article-title":"Impact of Systemic Atherosclerosis on Clinical Characteristics and Short-Term Outcomes in Patients with Deep Venous Thrombosis or Thrombophlebitis","volume":"363","author":"Keller","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2008.10.011","article-title":"Venous thrombo-embolism and aortic calcifications; more evidence on the link between venous and arterial thrombosis","volume":"124","author":"Rafi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Thromb. Res."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2017.06.036","article-title":"An association between residual vein thrombosis and subclinical atherosclerosis: Cross-sectional study","volume":"157","author":"Prandoni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Thromb. Res."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2018.12.019","article-title":"Impact of symptomatic atherosclerosis in patients with pulmonary embolism","volume":"278","author":"Keller","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487314527852","article-title":"Evaluation of oral anticoagulation therapy: Rationale and design of the thrombEVAL study programme","volume":"22","author":"Prochaska","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Prev. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prochaska, J.H., G\u00f6bel, S., Keller, K., Coldewey, M., Ullmann, A., Lamparter, H., J\u00fcnger, C., Al-Bayati, Z., Baer, C., and Walter, U. (2015). Quality of oral anticoagulation with phenprocoumon in regular medical care and its potential for improvement in a telemedicine-based coagulation service\u2014Results from the prospective, multi-center, observational cohort study thrombEVAL. BMC Med., 13.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-015-0268-9"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2024","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.12743","article-title":"Relevance of depression for anticoagulation management in a routine medical care setting: Results from the ThrombEVAL study program","volume":"12","author":"Michal","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Keller, K., G\u00f6bel, S., Cate, V.T., Panova-Noeva, M., Eggebrecht, L., Nagler, M., Coldewey, M., Foebel, M., Bickel, C., and Lauterbach, M. (2020). Telemedicine-Based Specialized Care Improves the Outcome of Anticoagulated Individuals with Venous Thromboembolism\u2014Results from the thrombEVAL Study. J. Clin. Med., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9103281"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2005.01204.x","article-title":"Definition of major bleeding in clinical investigations of antihemostatic medicinal products in non-surgical patients","volume":"3","author":"Schulman","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(87)90171-8","article-title":"A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: Development and validation","volume":"40","author":"Charlson","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Chronic Dis."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwq433","article-title":"Updating and validating the Charlson comorbidity index and score for risk adjustment in hospital discharge abstracts using data from 6 countries","volume":"173","author":"Quan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1160\/TH11-11-0818","article-title":"Heart healthy diet and risk of myocardial infarction and venous thromboembolism","volume":"108","author":"Enga","year":"2012","journal-title":"Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1177\/1076029612448419","article-title":"Family History of Myocardial Infarction Is a Risk Factor for Venous Thromboembolism Among Whites but Not Among Blacks","volume":"19","author":"Mili","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Appl. Thromb. Hemost."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2800","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehr223","article-title":"Venous thromboembolism does not share strong familial susceptibility with coronary heart disease: A nationwide family study in Sweden","volume":"32","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/s11239-010-0506-0","article-title":"Hypercoagulability in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus detected by a thrombin generation assay","volume":"31","author":"Tripodi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Thromb. Thrombolysis"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.03.047","article-title":"Coronary artery calcification and risk factors for atherosclerosis in patients with venous thromboembolism","volume":"183","author":"Hong","year":"2005","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2007.06973.x","article-title":"Common risk factors for both arterial and venous thrombosis","volume":"140","author":"Lowe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.01.057","article-title":"Risk Factors for Venous Thromboembolism","volume":"56","author":"Goldhaber","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.709204","article-title":"Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Venous Thromboembolism: A meta-analysis","volume":"117","author":"Ageno","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2007.02467.x","article-title":"Venous thromboembolism and atherosclerosis: Is there a link?","volume":"5","author":"Prandoni","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1182\/asheducation-2009.1.259","article-title":"Risk of future arterial cardiovascular events in patients with idiopathic venous thromboembolism","volume":"2009","author":"Green","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hematol. Am. Soc. Hematol. Educ. Program"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20303","DOI":"10.1038\/srep20303","article-title":"The Prevalence of Atherosclerosis in Those with Inflammatory Connective Tissue Disease by Race, Age and Traditional Risk Factors","volume":"6","author":"Alenghat","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2436","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht149","article-title":"Diabetes and vascular disease: Pathophysiology, clinical consequences, and medical therapy: Part I","volume":"34","author":"Paneni","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2040","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2009.92","article-title":"Prospective Study of BMI and the Risk of Pulmonary Embolism in Women","volume":"17","author":"Kabrhel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.4236\/ojpm.2012.24069","article-title":"The effects of obesity on venous thromboembolism: A review","volume":"2","author":"Yang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Open J. Prev. Med."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V110.11.700.700","article-title":"Recurrence and Mortality of DVT-Associated PE Is Greater Than Isolated PE Alone: Results of the 7532-Patients Prospective OPTIMEV Cohort Study","volume":"110","author":"Bosson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2018.01.048","article-title":"D-Dimer and thrombus burden in acute pulmonary embolism","volume":"36","author":"Keller","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.15-0808","article-title":"Risk Stratification of Patients with Acute Symptomatic Pulmonary Embolism Based on Presence or Absence of Lower Extremity DVT: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"149","author":"Becattini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61904-1","article-title":"Pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis","volume":"379","author":"Goldhaber","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1177\/145749691210100204","article-title":"Role and management of coagulation disorders in peripheral arterial disease","volume":"101","author":"Lassila","year":"2012","journal-title":"Scand. J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.13.12.1829","article-title":"Association of hemostatic variables with prevalent cardiovascular disease and asymptomatic carotid artery atherosclerosis. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study Investigators","volume":"13","author":"Folsom","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. J. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61963-2","article-title":"Venous thromboembolism during active disease and remission in inflammatory bowel disease: A cohort study","volume":"375","author":"Grainge","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1160\/TH05-04-0266","article-title":"The relationship between inflammation and venous thrombosis. A systematic review of clinical studies","volume":"94","author":"Fox","year":"2005","journal-title":"Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1160\/TH17-01-0039","article-title":"Increased risks of venous thromboembolism in patients with psoriasis. A Nationwide Cohort Study","volume":"117","author":"Chung","year":"2017","journal-title":"Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3608","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx145","article-title":"Risk of venous thromboembolism in patients with psoriatic arthritis, psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis: A general population-based cohort study","volume":"39","author":"Ogdie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5876-7-52","article-title":"Is there a relationship between factor V Leiden and type 2 diabetes?","volume":"7","author":"Lodigiani","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-02-207928","article-title":"Outcomes and predictors of very stable INR control during chronic anticoagulation therapy","volume":"114","author":"Witt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-005-1715-5","article-title":"The risk of venous thromboembolism is markedly elevated in patients with diabetes","volume":"48","author":"Petrauskiene","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2011.12.004","article-title":"Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"125","author":"Piazza","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2011.91","article-title":"Arterial thrombus formation in cardiovascular disease","volume":"8","author":"Lippi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0801082","article-title":"Mechanisms of Thrombus Formation","volume":"359","author":"Furie","year":"2008","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198405033101801","article-title":"Thrombosis and Acute Coronary-Artery Lesions in Sudden Cardiac Ischemic Death","volume":"310","author":"Davies","year":"1984","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-134-3-200102060-00014","article-title":"Thrombus formation on atherosclerotic plaques: Pathogenesis and clinical consequences","volume":"134","author":"Rauch","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1136\/heart.89.9.983","article-title":"Pathology of coronary microembolisation and no reflow","volume":"89","author":"Falk","year":"2003","journal-title":"Heart"}],"container-title":["Life"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1729\/12\/5\/734\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:10:50Z","timestamp":1760137850000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1729\/12\/5\/734"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,14]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"alternative-id":["life12050734"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/life12050734","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-1729"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-1729","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,14]]}}}