{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T13:11:11Z","timestamp":1770815471716,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,26]],"date-time":"2022-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656201600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","award":["NRF 2021R1A2C1012113"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF 2021R1A2C1012113"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Many chronic stroke patients suffer from worsened hand function, and functional recovery of the hand does not occur well after six months of stroke. Therefore, predicting final hand function after stroke through acute phase imaging would be an important issue in counseling with the patients or their family. Thus, we investigated the remaining white matter integrity in the corticospinal tract (CST) and cortico-ponto-cerebellar tract (CPCT) at the acute stage of stroke and chronic hand function after stroke, and present the cut-off value of fiber number (FN) and fractional anisotropy (FA) of CST and CPCT at the acute stage for predicting final hand function after the recovery period. This retrospective case-control study included 18 stroke patients who were classified into two groups: poor hand function with stroke (n = 11) and good hand function with stroke (n = 7). DTI was done within two months \u00b1 15 days after onset, and the Jebson\u2019s Hand Function test was conducted 6\u201312 months after onset. The investigation of white matter was focused on the values of FN and FA for CST and CPCT, which were measured separately. The normalized (affected\/non-affected) FA and FN values in the CPCT in the good hand function group were higher than those in the poor hand function group. The normalized FN and FA values in the CST were not significantly different between the poor hand function group and the good hand function group. The normalized cut-off value that distinguished the good hand function group from the poor hand function group was 0.8889 for FA in the CPCT. The integrity of the CPCT in the acute stage was associated with hand function in the chronic stage after a stroke. Ultimately, the integrity of the CPCT in the early stage after onset can be used to predict chronic hand function. Based on these results, cerebellar afferent fiber measurements may be a useful addition to predict hand function and plan specific rehabilitation strategies in stroke patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life12070959","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,26]],"date-time":"2022-06-26T21:01:41Z","timestamp":1656277301000},"page":"959","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Preservation of Cerebellar Afferent Pathway May Be Related to Good Hand Function in Patients with Stroke"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6634-7961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo Kyung","family":"Shin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, St. Vincent\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7773-6329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hae-Yeon","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanee","family":"Rim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, St. Vincent\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ji Yoon","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, St. Vincent\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7499-2415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sungwoo","family":"Paek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, St. Vincent\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yeun Jie","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, St. Vincent\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mi-Jeong","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, St. Vincent\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9290-6173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo Young","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, St. Vincent\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5475-4153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seong Hoon","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, St. Vincent\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2181","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000087172.16305.CD","article-title":"Probability of Regaining Dexterity in the Flaccid Upper Limb","volume":"34","author":"Kwakkel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1080\/10749357.2017.1389054","article-title":"Somatosensory stimulation to improve hand and upper limb function after stroke\u2014A systematic review with meta-analyses","volume":"25","author":"Grant","year":"2018","journal-title":"Top Stroke Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00374","article-title":"Corticospinal Tract Integrity and Long-Term Hand Function Prognosis in Patients with Stroke","volume":"10","author":"Yoo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-0130","article-title":"Impact of internal capsule lesions on outcome of motor hand function at one year post-stroke","volume":"40","author":"Schiemanck","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Rehabil. Med."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2016.11.008","article-title":"Clinical recovery from stroke lesions and related outcomes","volume":"37","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105447","article-title":"Integrity of The Hand Fibers of The Corticospinal Tract Shown by Diffusion Tensor Imaging Predicts Hand Function Recovery After Hemorrhagic Stroke","volume":"30","author":"Gong","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Stroke Cerebrovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2007.08.049","article-title":"Motor outcome according to the integrity of the corticospinal tract determined by diffusion tensor tractography in the early stage of corona radiata infarct","volume":"426","author":"Cho","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"367","article-title":"Prediction of motor outcome for hemiparetic stroke patients using diffusion tensor imaging: A review","volume":"27","author":"Jang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuro. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jun, S., Hong, B., Kim, Y., and Lim, S. (2021). Does Motor Tract Integrity at 1 Month Predict Gait and Balance Outcomes at 6 Months in Stroke Patients?. Brain Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11070867"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.24378","article-title":"Laterality of cerebellar afferent and efferent pathways in a healthy right-handed population: A diffusion tensor imaging study","volume":"97","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2018.04.039","article-title":"Modification of Cerebellar Afferent Pathway in the Subacute Phase of Stroke","volume":"27","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Stroke Cerebrovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1002\/pri.217","article-title":"Concurrent validity of the NK hand dexterity test","volume":"6","author":"MacDermid","year":"2001","journal-title":"Physiother. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"311","article-title":"An objective and standardized test of hand function","volume":"50","author":"Jebsen","year":"1969","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142132","DOI":"10.12786\/bn.2020.13.e1","article-title":"Factors Associated to Returning Home in the First Year after Stroke","volume":"13","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Neurorehabilit."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.5535\/arm.19112","article-title":"Relationship Between Line Bisection Test Time and Hemispatial Neglect Prognosis in Patients with Stroke: A Prospective Pilot Study","volume":"44","author":"Kwon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Rehabil. Med."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park, J.G., Hong, B.Y., Park, H.-Y., Yoo, Y.J., Yoon, M.-J., Kim, J.-S., and Lim, S.H. (2021). Alteration of White Matter in Patients with Central Post-Stroke Pain. J. Pers. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm11050417"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2005.08.004","article-title":"DtiStudio: Resource program for diffusion tensor computation and fiber bundle tracking","volume":"81","author":"Jiang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Programs Biomed."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2014.04.044","article-title":"The relation between motor function of stroke patients and diffusion tensor imaging findings for the corticospinal tract","volume":"572","author":"Jang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.215258","article-title":"Corticoreticular tract lesion in children with developmental delay presenting with gait dysfunction and trunk instability","volume":"12","author":"Kwon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neural. Regen. Res."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bhv251","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhv251","article-title":"Cortico-Cerebellar Structural Connectivity Is Related to Residual Motor Output in Chronic Stroke","volume":"27","author":"Schulz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Y., Shea, S.M., Lorenz, C.H., Jiang, H., Chou, M.-C., and Mori, S. (2013). Image Corruption Detection in Diffusion Tensor Imaging for Post-Processing and Real-Time Monitoring. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0049764"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2014.10.011","article-title":"Comparison of quality control software tools for diffusion tensor imaging","volume":"33","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Magn Reson. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12131","article-title":"When to use the Bonferroni correction","volume":"34","author":"Armstrong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol. Opt."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.7983","article-title":"Optimal sample size planning for the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test","volume":"38","author":"Happ","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stat. Med."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2026676118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2026676118","article-title":"Critical Period After Stroke Study (CPASS): A phase II clinical trial testing an optimal time for motor recovery after stroke in humans","volume":"118","author":"Dromerick","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/109.4.677","article-title":"Crossed Cerebellar Diaschisis","volume":"109","author":"Pantano","year":"1986","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X15617953","article-title":"Crossed cerebellar diaschisis in patients with acute middle cerebral artery infarction: Occurrence and perfusion characteristics","volume":"36","author":"Sommer","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"2224","article-title":"Decreased fractional anisotropy of middle cerebellar peduncle in crossed cerebellar diaschisis: Diffusion-tensor imaging-positron-emission tomography correlation study","volume":"26","author":"Kim","year":"2005","journal-title":"AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-011-0331-9","article-title":"Consensus Paper: Roles of the Cerebellum in Motor Control\u2014The Diversity of Ideas on Cerebellar Involvement in Movement","volume":"11","author":"Manto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cerebellum"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2731","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awf282","article-title":"Correlation between motor improvements and altered fMRI activity after rehabilitative therapy","volume":"125","author":"Dawes","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awf148","article-title":"Cerebellar hemispheric activation ipsilateral to the paretic hand correlates with functional recovery after stroke","volume":"125","author":"Small","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2004.11.053","article-title":"Increased facilitation of the primary motor cortex following 1 Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the contralateral cerebellum in normal humans","volume":"376","author":"Oliveri","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-006-0628-y","article-title":"Modulatory effects of 1 Hz rTMS over the cerebellum on motor cortex excitability","volume":"176","author":"Fierro","year":"2007","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1097\/NPT.0000000000000363","article-title":"Corticospinal Tract Microstructure Predicts Distal Arm Motor Improvements in Chronic Stroke","volume":"45","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Phys."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1680","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00715.2017","article-title":"Abnormally reduced primary motor cortex output is related to impaired hand function in chronic stroke","volume":"120","author":"Buetefisch","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.11-03-00667.1991","article-title":"The origin of corticospinal projections from the premotor areas in the frontal lobe","volume":"11","author":"Dum","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1080\/00222895.2017.1306482","article-title":"Impact of Tactile Sensation on Dexterity: A Cross-Sectional Study of Patients with Impaired Hand Function After Stroke","volume":"50","author":"Pavlova","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Mot. Behav."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosso, C., Valabregue, R., Attal, Y., Vargas, P., Gaudron, M., Baronnet, F., Bertasi, E., Humbert, F., Peskine, A., and Perlbarg, V. (2013). Contribution of Corticospinal Tract and Functional Connectivity in Hand Motor Impairment after Stroke. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0073164"}],"container-title":["Life"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1729\/12\/7\/959\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:38:39Z","timestamp":1760139519000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1729\/12\/7\/959"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,26]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["life12070959"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/life12070959","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-1729"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-1729","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,26]]}}}