{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T22:06:33Z","timestamp":1788473193997,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]],"date-time":"2022-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658448000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science","award":["01-217\/30.11.2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01-217\/30.11.2018"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nowadays, an increased interest in natural compounds with preventive or therapeutic potential for various diseases has been observed. Given the involvement of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of gastric ulcer (GU) and the wide range of bioactive compounds isolated from snails, this study aimed to investigate the protective effect of Cornu aspersum (M\u00fcller, 1774) mucus on ethanol-induced GUs. Male albino mice were divided into Control, Ethanol, Mucus + Ethanol and Mucus + Omeprazole treated groups. The GUs were induced by administration of 96% ethanol (10 mL\/kg, per os). One hour before ulcer induction, the mice of Mucus + Ethanol group were pretreated with mucus (20 mg\/kg, per os), and the mice of Mucus + Omeprazole group were pretreated with omeprazole (20 mg\/kg, per os). Ethanol administration caused grave lesions of gastric mucosa and a significant decrease of glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione reductase (GR) activities. In the animals with mucus or omeprazole pre-administration compared to the Ethanol group, the following were observed: only a small number of hemorrhagic fields, significantly reduced GU index with calculated 73% protection by mucus and 78% protection by omeprazole, and significant recovery of mucosal GSH and SOD and GR activities. In addition, the mucus inhibited Helicobacter pylori growth. Thus, the protective effect of C. aspersum mucus on both gastric mucosa and gastric antioxidant potential in ethanol-induced GU model suggests that it may serve as a good tool for prevention of this disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life12081106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,24]],"date-time":"2022-07-24T22:49:02Z","timestamp":1658702942000},"page":"1106","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Snail Mucus Protective Effect on Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcers in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1209-959X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lubomir","family":"Petrov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Sports Academy \u201cVassil Levski\u201d, 23, Acad. Stefan Mladenov Str., Studentski Grad, 1700 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihail","family":"Kachaunov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Sports Academy \u201cVassil Levski\u201d, 23, Acad. Stefan Mladenov Str., Studentski Grad, 1700 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7007-3665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albena","family":"Alexandrova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Sports Academy \u201cVassil Levski\u201d, 23, Acad. Stefan Mladenov Str., Studentski Grad, 1700 Sofia, Bulgaria"},{"name":"Laboratory of Free Radical Processes, Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 23, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elina","family":"Tsvetanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Free Radical Processes, Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 23, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1323-2348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Almira","family":"Georgieva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Free Radical Processes, Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 23, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksander","family":"Dolashki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 9, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3658-9334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lyudmila","family":"Velkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 9, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8336-6563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pavlina","family":"Dolashka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 9, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wen, Z., Li, X., Lu, Q., Brunson, J., Zhao, M., Tan, J., Wan, C., and Lei, P. (2014). Health related quality of life in patients with chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer and factors with impact: A longitudinal study. BMC Gastroenterol., 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-14-149"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199607253350404","article-title":"The risk of stomach cancer in patients with gastric or duodenal ulcer disease","volume":"335","author":"Hansson","year":"1996","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1368-5031.2004.00021.x","article-title":"Gastric ulcers and risk for cancer. 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