{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T08:55:53Z","timestamp":1782550553828,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]],"date-time":"2022-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658880000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities of Spain","award":["PSI2013-42912-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PSI2013-42912-R"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities of Spain","award":["PSI2017-83222-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PSI2017-83222-R"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities of Spain","award":["E-MOTION 1808341802"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-MOTION 1808341802"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PSI2013-42912-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PSI2013-42912-R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PSI2017-83222-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PSI2017-83222-R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["E-MOTION 1808341802"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-MOTION 1808341802"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) packages for anxiety disorders, such as phobias, usually include gradual exposure to anxious contexts, positive self-verbalizations, and relaxation breathing. The objective of this research was to analyze the specific neural activation produced by the self-verbalizations (S) and breathing (B) included in CBT. Thirty participants with clinical levels of a specific phobia to small animals were randomly assigned to three fMRI conditions in which individuals were exposed to phobic stimuli in real images: a group underwent S as a technique to reduce anxiety; a second group underwent B; and a control group underwent exposure only (E). Simple effects showed higher brain activation comparing E &gt; S, E &gt; B, and S &gt; B. In particular, in the E group, compared to the experimental conditions, an activation was observed in sensory-perceptive and prefrontal and in other regions involved in the triggering of emotion (i.e., amygdala, supplementary motor area, and cingulate gyrus) as well as an activation associated with interoceptive sensitivity (i.e., insula and cingulate cortex). According to the specific tool used, discrepancies in the neural changes of CBT efficacy were observed. We discuss the theoretical implications according to the dual model of CBT as a set of therapeutic tools that activate different processes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life12081132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]],"date-time":"2022-07-28T03:21:16Z","timestamp":1658978476000},"page":"1132","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Neuronal Activity during Exposure to Specific Phobia through fMRI: Comparing Therapeutic Components of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7057-6644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ascensi\u00f3n","family":"Fumero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Psicolog\u00eda Cl\u00ednica, Psicobiolog\u00eda y Metodolog\u00eda, Facultad de Psicolog\u00eda, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto Universitario de Neurociencia (IUNE), Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3068-0196","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosario J.","family":"Marrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Psicolog\u00eda Cl\u00ednica, Psicobiolog\u00eda y Metodolog\u00eda, Facultad de Psicolog\u00eda, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto Universitario de Neurociencia (IUNE), Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4524-0342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa","family":"Olivares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Psicolog\u00eda Cl\u00ednica, Psicobiolog\u00eda y Metodolog\u00eda, Facultad de Psicolog\u00eda, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6129-8053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Rivero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Psicolog\u00eda Cl\u00ednica, Psicobiolog\u00eda y Metodolog\u00eda, Facultad de Psicolog\u00eda, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain"},{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Europea de Canarias, 38300 La Orotava, Tenerife, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6414-2863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yolanda","family":"Alvarez-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio Canario de la Salud, 38004 Santa Cruz, Tenerife, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Pitti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Direcci\u00f3n General de Salud P\u00fablica, Servicio Canario de la Salud, 38006 Santa Cruz, Tenerife, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9168-9920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenceslao","family":"Pe\u00f1ate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Psicolog\u00eda Cl\u00ednica, Psicobiolog\u00eda y Metodolog\u00eda, Facultad de Psicolog\u00eda, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto Universitario de Neurociencia (IUNE), Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"5","article-title":"An update on empirically validated therapies","volume":"49","author":"Chambless","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin. 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