{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:36:08Z","timestamp":1792805768481,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]],"date-time":"2022-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Cardinal Stefan Wyszy\u0144ski National Institute of Cardiology","award":["3.15\/VII\/18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3.15\/VII\/18"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/046e90j34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Heart failure (HF) is a common disease that causes significant limitations on the organism\u2019s capacity and, in extreme cases, leads to death. Clinically, iron deficiency (ID) plays an essential role in heart failure by deteriorating the patient\u2019s condition and is a prognostic marker indicating poor clinical outcomes. Therefore, in HF patients, supplementation of iron is recommended. However, iron treatment may cause adverse effects by increasing iron-related apoptosis and the production of oxygen radicals, which may cause additional heart damage. Furthermore, many knowledge gaps exist regarding the complex interplay between iron deficiency and heart failure. Here, we describe the current, comprehensive knowledge about the role of the proteins involved in iron metabolism. We will focus on the molecular and clinical aspects of iron deficiency in HF. We believe that summarizing the new advances in the translational and clinical research regarding iron deficiency in heart failure should broaden clinicians\u2019 awareness of this comorbidity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life12081203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]],"date-time":"2022-08-08T22:33:11Z","timestamp":1659997991000},"page":"1203","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Clinical and Molecular Aspects of Iron Metabolism in Failing Myocytes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Bogna","family":"Koz\u0142owska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Heart Failure and Transplantology, The Cardinal Stefan Wyszy\u0144ski National Institute of Cardiology, Alpejska 42, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Sochanowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6509-5993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leszek","family":"Kraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Medical University of Warsaw, 1A Banacha Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0399-5280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Palusi\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Science, Post\u0119pu 36A, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Ko\u0142sut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology, The Cardinal Stefan Wyszy\u0144ski National Institute of Cardiology, Alpejska 42, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0148-541X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Szyma\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Science, Post\u0119pu 36A, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0539-0680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u0142awomir","family":"Lewicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Science, Post\u0119pu 36A, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland"},{"name":"Faculty of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences, Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities, 26-600 Radom, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4554-8566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcin","family":"Kruszewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Za\u0142\u0119ska-Koci\u0119cka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Heart Failure and Transplantology, The Cardinal Stefan Wyszy\u0144ski National Institute of Cardiology, Alpejska 42, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Przemys\u0142aw","family":"Leszek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Heart Failure and Transplantology, The Cardinal Stefan Wyszy\u0144ski National Institute of Cardiology, Alpejska 42, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21613","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.28820","article-title":"Iron and the Heart: A Paradigm Shift from Systemic to Cardiomyocyte Abnormalities","volume":"234","author":"Paterek","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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