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To evaluate the characteristic of gut microbiome, duodenum content samples from 42-week-old native Taihang chickens with high (H) and low (L) egg-yielding were collected for 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing analysis. Consequently, 1,361,341 sequences were clustered into 2055 OTUs, with percentages of affiliation of 96.50 and 57.30% at phylum and genus levels. Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the dominant phylum, with a lower ratio of Firmicutes\/Bacteroidetes in H group than in L group (p &lt; 0.05). At genus level, overrepresentation of Bacteroides, Faecalibacterim, and Enterococcus and underrepresentation of Romboutsia were found in H group. No significant difference in overall diversity of microbiota was observed between two groups. LEFSe analysis revealed Enterococcus was significantly enriched in H group. Importantly, Enterococcus and Lactobacillus were negatively correlated. Functional prediction analysis showed the proportion of microbiota involved in the metabolism process was the highest and enriched in H group. Differences in microbiota composition between the two groups, which may be related to intestinal function difference, also provide promising biomarkers for improving laying hen production.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life12081262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]],"date-time":"2022-08-18T23:28:41Z","timestamp":1660865321000},"page":"1262","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Microbial Diversity and Community Composition of Duodenum Microbiota of High and Low Egg-Yielding Taihang Chickens Identified Using 16S rRNA Amplicon Sequencing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Haiyin","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingjie","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yekai","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junqi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Runqing","family":"Chi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yahui","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiannan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaiyang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing General Station of Animal Husbandry, Beijing 100107, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenting","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0303-7784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yufang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hayes, M. 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