{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T06:03:28Z","timestamp":1762063408280,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]],"date-time":"2022-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661472000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2021YFD1800402","31972649"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFD1800402","31972649"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YFD1800402","31972649"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFD1800402","31972649"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is an emerging zoonotic pathogen that can cause multiple diseases, including streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome (STSLS). The S. suis SC-19 strain could cause NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain-associated protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome hyperactivation, then induce a cytokine storm and STSLS. Although IL-18 is the downstream effector of NLRP3 signaling, the role of IL-18 signaling on STSLS remains to be elucidated. Thus, il18r1 gene knockout mice were constructed and challenged with the SC-19 strain. Alleviated clinical signs and tissue damages, as well as improved survival were observed in il18r\u2212\/\u2212 mice compared with the WT mice post-SC-19 challenge. Meanwhile, an obvious decrease in the inflammatory cytokine levels in blood was observed in the il18r-\/- mice infected with SC-19. Therefore, IL-18, the downstream effector of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, was responsible for the cytokine storm and STSLS development caused by S. suis, suggesting that IL-18\/IL-18R\u03b1 signaling could serve as a new target for STSLS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life12091324","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]],"date-time":"2022-08-29T03:34:56Z","timestamp":1661744096000},"page":"1324","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["IL-18 Signaling Is Essential for Causing Streptococcal Toxic Shock-like Syndrome (STSLS)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Lei","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peiying","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kunlong","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liting","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chengfeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4460-5701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chenyang","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0037-5916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anding","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Wuhan 430070, China"},{"name":"International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Segura, M. 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