{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T03:18:37Z","timestamp":1781925517309,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":231,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]],"date-time":"2022-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The COVID-19 pandemic has led to unprecedented demand on the global healthcare system. Remarkably, at the end of 2021, COVID-19 vaccines received approvals for human use in several countries worldwide. Since then, a solid base for response in the fight against the virus has been placed. COVID-19 vaccines have been shown to be safe and effective drugs. Nevertheless, all kinds of vaccines may be associated with the possible appearance of neurological complications, and COVID-19 vaccines are not free from neurological side effects. Neurological complications of COVID-19 vaccination are usually mild, short-duration, and self-limiting. However, severe and unexpected post-vaccination complications are rare but possible events. They include the Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome, facial palsy, other neuropathies, encephalitis, meningitis, myelitis, autoimmune disorders, and cerebrovascular events. The fear of severe or fatal neurological complications fed the \u201cvaccine hesitancy\u201d phenomenon, posing a vital communication challenge between the scientific community and public opinion. This review aims to collect and discuss the frequency, management, and outcome of reported neurological complications of COVID-19 vaccines after eighteen months of the World Health Organization\u2019s approval of COVID-19 vaccination, providing an overview of safety and concerns related to the most potent weapon against the SARS-CoV-2.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life12091338","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]],"date-time":"2022-08-29T22:53:42Z","timestamp":1661813622000},"page":"1338","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Safety of COVID-19 Vaccines: Spotlight on Neurological Complications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0057-3103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giacomo","family":"Tondo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, S. Andrea Hospital, University of Piemonte Orientale, 13100 Vercelli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0045-3806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleonora","family":"Virgilio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Maggiore della Carit\u00e0 Hospital, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7323-0286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Naldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, San Giovanni Bosco Hospital, 10154 Turin, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience \u201cRita Levi Montalcini\u201d, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6195-7357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelo","family":"Bianchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Maggiore della Carit\u00e0 Hospital, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6862-9468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristoforo","family":"Comi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, S. Andrea Hospital, University of Piemonte Orientale, 13100 Vercelli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2020.10.087","article-title":"History of the COVID-19 pandemic: Origin, explosion, worldwide spreading","volume":"538","author":"Platto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.4155\/tde-2020-0129","article-title":"An overview of vaccine development for COVID-19","volume":"12","author":"Shahcheraghi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ther. 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