{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:43:37Z","timestamp":1760244217926,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,9]],"date-time":"2022-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Romanian Minister of Education","award":["PN-III-P1-1.2-PD-2019-1219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PN-III-P1-1.2-PD-2019-1219"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: General anesthesia (GA) in pediatric patients represents a clinical routine. Factors such as increased birth age and maternal chronic conditions cause more infants to experience hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, an additional risk for anesthesia. Aim: This study evaluates the effect of one sevoflurane-induced GA episode on the immature brain previously exposed to perinatal asphyxia (PA). Methods: Postnatal day 6 (PND6) Wistar rats were exposed to a 90-min episode of normoxia\/PA and at PND15 to a 120-min episode of normoxia\/GA. Four groups were analyzed: Control (C), PA, GA, and PA-GA. Post-exposures, fifteen pups\/group were sacrificed and the hippocampi were isolated to assess S-100B and IL-1B protein levels, using ELISA. At maturity, the behavior was assessed by: forced swimming test (FST), and novel object recognition test. Results: Hippocampal S-100B level was increased in PA, GA, and PA-GA groups, while IL-1B was increased in PA, but decreased in PA-GA. The immobility time was increased in PA and PA-GA, in FST. Conclusions: Both PA and GA contribute to glial activation, however with no cumulative effect. Moreover, PA reduces the rats\u2019 mobility, irrespective of GA exposure, while memory evaluated by the novel object recognition test was not influenced.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life12101568","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,9]],"date-time":"2022-10-09T20:49:31Z","timestamp":1665348571000},"page":"1568","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Does a Single Exposure to General Anesthesia Have a Cumulative Effect on the Developing Brain after Mild Perinatal Asphyxia?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2687-2611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Isac","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care I, \u2018Fundeni\u2019 Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bogdan","family":"Pavel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Dobre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Milanesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7870-4791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irina-Mihaela","family":"Matache","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0775-6997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raul-Mihai","family":"Paun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Artsiom","family":"Klimko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9766-1558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mara Ioana","family":"Iesanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Droc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care I, \u2018Fundeni\u2019 Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4302-629X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana-Maria","family":"Zagrean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e187","DOI":"10.3928\/19382359-20210422-01","article-title":"Accounting for General Anesthesia: A Pre-Op Primer and Post-Op Factor","volume":"50","author":"Kornfeld","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr. 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