{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T12:26:02Z","timestamp":1776947162033,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,26]],"date-time":"2022-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666742400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this review, the basic metabolic characteristics of the curcuminoid tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) at the level of the intestinal microbiota were addressed. Special attention was given to the bactericidal effects of one of the THC-phospholipid formulations, which has shown greater bioavailability and activity than pure THC. Similarly, quinoline derivatives and amino acid conjugates of THC have also shown antibacterial effects in the gut. The microbial effect of pure THC is particularly pronounced in pathophysiological conditions related to the function of the intestinal microbiota, such as type II diabetes. Furthermore, the antiviral characteristics of Cur compared to those of THC are more pronounced in preventing the influenza virus. In the case of HIV infections, the new microemulsion gel formulations of THC possess high retention during preventive application in the vagina and, at the same time, do not disturb the vaginal microbiota, which is critical in maintaining low vaginal pH. Based on the reviewed literature, finding new formulations of THC which can increase its bioavailability and activity and emphasize its antibacterial and antiviral characteristics could be very important. Applying such THC formulations in preventing and treating ailments related to the microbiotic compartments in the body would be beneficial from a medical point of view.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life12111708","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,26]],"date-time":"2022-10-26T09:59:37Z","timestamp":1666778377000},"page":"1708","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Antibacterial and Antiviral Properties of Tetrahydrocurcumin-Based Formulations: An Overview of Their Metabolism in Different Microbiotic Compartments"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Natalija","family":"Atanasova-Panchevska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Institute of Biology, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, P.O. Box 162, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5942-1622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Radoslav","family":"Stojchevski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Institute of Biology, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, P.O. Box 162, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia"},{"name":"Friedman Diabetes Institute, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, 110 E 59th Street, New York, NY 10022, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4498-7359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikola","family":"Hadzi-Petrushev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Institute of Biology, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, P.O. Box 162, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vadim","family":"Mitrokhin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova Street, 1, 117997 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4479-6448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimiter","family":"Avtanski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Friedman Diabetes Institute, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, 110 E 59th Street, New York, NY 10022, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3475-2131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mitko","family":"Mladenov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Institute of Biology, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, P.O. Box 162, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia"},{"name":"Department of Physiology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova Street, 1, 117997 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-011-0188-1","article-title":"New mechanisms and the anti-inflammatory role of curcumin in obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases","volume":"50","author":"Shehzad","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2896","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2018.1478388","article-title":"Bidirectional interactions between dietary curcumin and gut microbiota","volume":"59","author":"Shen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. 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