{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T11:20:58Z","timestamp":1767093658736,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]],"date-time":"2022-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668556800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2014A030313216","2018B030322003","2019B0202001","2019A1515110092"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014A030313216","2018B030322003","2019B0202001","2019A1515110092"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translation Research of Hakka Population","award":["2014A030313216","2018B030322003","2019B0202001","2019A1515110092"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014A030313216","2018B030322003","2019B0202001","2019A1515110092"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Program of Meizhou","award":["2014A030313216","2018B030322003","2019B0202001","2019A1515110092"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014A030313216","2018B030322003","2019B0202001","2019A1515110092"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Fund Project","award":["2014A030313216","2018B030322003","2019B0202001","2019A1515110092"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014A030313216","2018B030322003","2019B0202001","2019A1515110092"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus, especially methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), is very common in communities and hospitals, which poses a great challenge to human health. Therefore, increasing attention has been paid to finding effective antimicrobial agents. Mansonone F is a natural compound which has an oxaphenalene skeleton and anti-S. aureus activity, but its sources are limited and its synthesis is difficult. Thus, IG1, a C9-substituent mansonone F analog, was assessed for its activity against Staphylococcus aureus and its mechanism of action was investigated. Antimicrobial susceptibility assays showed that IG1 has strong antibacterial activity against S. aureus, including MRSA, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 0.5 to 2 \u03bcg\/mL, which were very close to those of vancomycin, and these changed little, even with an increase in the amount of the inoculum. To further explore the antibacterial properties of IG1, time\u2013kill experiments were conducted. Compared with vancomycin and moxifloxacin, treatment with different concentrations of IG1 reduced the viability of organisms in a very similar manner and the reduction was not significant, which indicated that IG1 is a potentially strong anti-S. aureus agent. Finally, the antibacterial mechanism was analyzed, with flow cytometric analysis revealing that IG1 treatment resulted in a time-dependent decrease in the DNA content of S. aureus. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis showed that very few dividing cells could be found and the cell wall was damaged in the field of IG1-treated cells. These results indicate that IG1 is a potential new antibacterial agent against S. aureus, including MRSA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life12111902","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]],"date-time":"2022-11-17T03:24:34Z","timestamp":1668655474000},"page":"1902","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["IG1, a Mansonone F Analog, Exhibits Antibacterial Activity against Staphylococcus aureus by Potentially Impairing Cell Wall Synthesis and DNA Replication"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Xin","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yueqiao","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8140-2375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qianqian","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0878-5503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shiliang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zihua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Zong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 316021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuemin","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meizhou People\u2019s Hospital, Meizhou 514031, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translation Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou 514031, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00107","article-title":"Prevalence and Therapies of Antibiotic-Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"10","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. 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