{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T10:41:39Z","timestamp":1762080099858,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]],"date-time":"2022-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670889600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CAPES","award":["001","404717\/2016-0","301719\/2016-0","307314\/2018-9","2041\/2011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001","404717\/2016-0","301719\/2016-0","307314\/2018-9","2041\/2011"]}]},{"name":"CNPq","award":["001","404717\/2016-0","301719\/2016-0","307314\/2018-9","2041\/2011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001","404717\/2016-0","301719\/2016-0","307314\/2018-9","2041\/2011"]}]},{"name":"FIOCRUZ","award":["001","404717\/2016-0","301719\/2016-0","307314\/2018-9","2041\/2011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001","404717\/2016-0","301719\/2016-0","307314\/2018-9","2041\/2011"]}]},{"name":"Programa B\u00e1sico de Parasitologia AUXPE","award":["001","404717\/2016-0","301719\/2016-0","307314\/2018-9","2041\/2011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001","404717\/2016-0","301719\/2016-0","307314\/2018-9","2041\/2011"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Giardia intestinalis (syn. G. lamblia, G. duodenalis) is a protozoa parasite that produces one of the most frequent waterborne causes of diarrhea worldwide. This protozoan infects most mammals, including humans, and colonizes the small intestine, adhering to intestinal cells. The mechanism by which G. intestinalis causes diarrhea is multifactorial, causing intestinal malabsorption. The treatment of giardiasis uses chemotherapeutic drugs such as nitroimidazoles, furazolidone, paromomycin, and benzimidazole compounds. However, they are toxic, refractory, and may generate resistance. To increase efficacy, a current treatment strategy is to combine these drugs with other compounds, such as polysaccharides. Several studies have shown that polysaccharides have gastroprotective effects. Polysaccharides are high-molecular weight polymers, and they differ in structure and functions, being widely extracted from vegetables and fruits. In the present study, we show that polysaccharides found in chamomile tea (called MRW), in contact with antiparasitic agents, potentially inhibit the adhesion of parasites to intestinal cells. Moreover, at 500 \u00b5g\/mL, they act synergistically with nitazoxanide (NTZ), increasing its effectiveness and decreasing the drug dose needed for giardiasis treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life12122091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]],"date-time":"2022-12-13T04:32:48Z","timestamp":1670905968000},"page":"2091","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Synergistic Effect of Polysaccharides from Chamomile Tea with Nitazoxanide Increases Treatment Efficacy against Giardia intestinalis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Bruna","family":"Sabatke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Federal University of Paran\u00e1, Curitiba 81531-980, PR, Brazil"},{"name":"EVAHPI\u2014Extracellular Vesicles and Host-Parasite Interactions Research Group, Laborat\u00f3rio de Biologia Molecular e Sistem\u00e1tica de Tripanossomatideos, Carlos Chagas Institute-Fiocruz, Curitiba 81310-020, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pedro Felipe P.","family":"Chaves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paran\u00e1, Curitiba 81531-980, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucimara M. C.","family":"Cordeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paran\u00e1, Curitiba 81531-980, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcel I.","family":"Ramirez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EVAHPI\u2014Extracellular Vesicles and Host-Parasite Interactions Research Group, Laborat\u00f3rio de Biologia Molecular e Sistem\u00e1tica de Tripanossomatideos, Carlos Chagas Institute-Fiocruz, Curitiba 81310-020, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.14.3.447-475.2001","article-title":"Biology of Giardia lamblia","volume":"14","author":"Adam","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. 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