{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T22:35:48Z","timestamp":1790202948826,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Kaohsiung Medical University Research Center","award":["KMU-M094002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KMU-M094002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: The precipitating mechanism(s) from the inactive to the active stage of duodenal ulcer disease (DU) is unclear. It has been shown that hydrogen gas from colonic fermentation provides an important energy source for Helicobacter pylori (Hp) colonization. The lactulose hydrogen breath test (LHBT) is a useful tool to assess the small intestinal and\/or colon fermentation. This study examines the association(s) between the status of gastroduodenal disease and the result of a lactulose hydrogen breath test (LHBT). Materials and Methods: We enrolled Hp-positive active duodenal ulcer (aDU) patients, inactive DU (iDU) patients and patients with a positive Hp infection without structural gastroduodenal lesion, i.e., simple gastritis (SG Hp+). The patients with simple gastritis without Hp infection (SG Hp\u2212) served as controls. Histological examinations of the gastric mucosa and lactulose hydrogen breath test (LHBT) were performed. Results: SG Hp+ patients tend to have advanced gastritis (pangastritis or corpus-predominant gastritis) compared with SG Hp\u2212 patients (7\/29 vs. 0\/14, p = 0.08). More iDU patients had advanced gastritis than either the SG Hp+ (7\/9 vs. 7\/29, p = 0.006) or aDU patients (7\/9 vs. 6\/24, p = 0.013). In comparison with the aDU patients, the iDU patients were also older (52.1 \u00b1 12.6 vs. 42.2 \u00b1 11.9 years, p = 0.02) and had a lower mean area under the curve value of the LHBT(AUC) (209.1 \u00b1 86.0 vs. 421.9 \u00b1 70.9, p = 0.023). Conclusion: aDU patients with a positive Hp infection have a lower grade of gastric mucosa damage than iDU patients and tend to have a higher level of exhaled hydrogen after LHBT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life13010045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,27]],"date-time":"2022-12-27T04:45:54Z","timestamp":1672116354000},"page":"45","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Exhaled Hydrogen after Lactulose Hydrogen Breath Test in Patient with Duodenal Ulcer Disease\u2014A Pilot Study for Helicobacter-pylori-Associated Gastroduodenal Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9981-5143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi-Hsun","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 80756, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon Chia-Ju","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 80756, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2534-438X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiunn-Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 80756, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 80756, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiang-Shin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 70403, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeng-Yih","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 80756, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 80756, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deng-Chyang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 80756, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 80756, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Chung","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 80756, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 80756, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.10.005","article-title":"Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection","volume":"21","author":"Malaty","year":"2007","journal-title":"Best Pract. 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