{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T23:06:45Z","timestamp":1782860805690,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,25]],"date-time":"2022-12-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Many clinical studies have identified some circulating micro-RNAs (miRNAs) as potential biomarkers with regard to the cardioprotective effects of halogenated agents administered perioperatively during myocardial conditioning procedures. However, there is a major methodological difficulty in identifying these potential miRNA targets in cardiac cells. Methods: We developed an in vitro protocol to analyze the differential expression of target miRNAs at the intracellular level in non-genetically modified primary human cardiomyocytes (HCMs) through their exposure to different hypnotic compounds (i.e., halogenated versus non-halogenated). For this purpose, we performed a validated in vitro model of \u201cischemia and reperfusion\u201d with the transfection of specific miRNA mimics (MIMICs) designed to simulate naturally occurring mature miRNAs as a functional study. Afterwards, next-generation sequencing (NGS) was used to identify and quantify miRNAs and elucidate their function. The differences in miRNA expression between HCMs exposed to different hypnotic drugs, along with the prediction of functional miRNA targets, were assessed using a meticulous in-house bioinformatics pipeline in order to derive diagnostic biomarkers and possible therapeutic targets. Conclusion: In brief, this methodological procedure was designed to investigate whether the cardioprotective effects of halogenated agents are a phenomenon mediated by either the activation or the suppression of miRNAs targeted by halogenated anesthetics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life13010064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,27]],"date-time":"2022-12-27T07:02:12Z","timestamp":1672124532000},"page":"64","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Identification of miRNAs as Biomarkers of Cardiac Protection in Non-Genetically Modified Primary Human Cardiomyocytes Exposed to Halogenated Hypnotics in an In Vitro Model of Transfection and Ischemia\/Reperfusion: A New Model in Translational Anesthesia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9296-6096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Dolores","family":"Carmona-Luque","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research in Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain"},{"name":"Cellular Therapy Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Cordoba, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3962-1862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Gonzalez-Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Luis","family":"Guerrero Orriach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, 29010 Malaga, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Malaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e146","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000485","article-title":"And American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. 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