{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T12:32:40Z","timestamp":1763728360167,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,26]],"date-time":"2022-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Slovak Research and Developmental Agency","award":["APVV-15-0165","VEGA 1\/0355\/19","VEGA 1\/0107\/21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APVV-15-0165","VEGA 1\/0355\/19","VEGA 1\/0107\/21"]}]},{"name":"Slovak Research and Developmental Agency","award":["APVV-15-0165","VEGA 1\/0355\/19","VEGA 1\/0107\/21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APVV-15-0165","VEGA 1\/0355\/19","VEGA 1\/0107\/21"]}]},{"name":"Slovak Research and Developmental Agency","award":["APVV-15-0165","VEGA 1\/0355\/19","VEGA 1\/0107\/21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APVV-15-0165","VEGA 1\/0355\/19","VEGA 1\/0107\/21"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The effect of inorganic zinc and Ascaridia galli infection was studied on MUC1, MUC2 (mucin), sIgA (secretory immunoglobulin A), and metallothionein in the intestines of broilers. Thirty-five-day-old chickens (n = 24), COBB 500 breed, were included in a 14-day experiment. Chickens were divided into 4 groups of 6 chickens each: control \u00a9, Ascaridia galli (AG), Zinc group (Zn), and combined group (AG + Zn). Samples from the intestine for determination of MUC1, MUC2, sIgA, and metallothionein were taken at 7 and 14 days during necropsy. Samples from the jejunum for determination of MUC1, MUC2, sIgA, and metallothionein were taken at 7 and 14 days during necropsy. The results demonstrated that 12 days\u2019 administration of inorganic zinc increased production of MUC1 (p &lt; 0.0001) and MUC2 (p &lt; 0.001) in the Ascaridia galli-infected group (Ag + Zn) in comparison to control (C). The beneficial effect of zinc was also revealed in the production of sIgA (p &lt; 0.0001) in the combined group (AG + Zn) at 7 days. The concentration of metallothionein increased mainly in the zinc group (p &lt; 0.01) of first sampling and was upregulated in Zn and AG + Zn groups. The obtained data indicate the use of inorganic zinc as a suitable immunomodulator of intestinal immunity in Ascaridia galli-infected chickens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life13010067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,27]],"date-time":"2022-12-27T07:02:12Z","timestamp":1672124532000},"page":"67","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Production of Intestinal Mucins, sIgA, and Metallothionein after Administration of Zinc and Infection of Ascaridia galli in Chickens: Preliminary Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Martin","family":"Levkut","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Ko\u0161ice, Komensk\u00e9ho 73, 041 81 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1ria","family":"Levkutov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epizootiology, Parasitology and Protection of One Health, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komensk\u00e9ho 73, 041 81 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u013dubom\u00edra","family":"Gre\u0161\u00e1kov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Physiology Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak, Academy of Sciences, \u0160olt\u00e9sovej 4, 040 01 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katar\u00edna","family":"Bob\u00edkov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Ko\u0161ice, Komensk\u00e9ho 73, 041 81 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Viera","family":"Revajov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Ko\u0161ice, Komensk\u00e9ho 73, 041 81 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Em\u00edlia","family":"Dvoro\u017e\u0148\u00e1kov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 040 01 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zuzana","family":"\u0160ev\u010d\u00edkov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Ko\u0161ice, Komensk\u00e9ho 73, 041 81 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R\u00f3bert","family":"Herich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Ko\u0161ice, Komensk\u00e9ho 73, 041 81 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8424-367X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viera","family":"Karaffov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Ko\u0161ice, Komensk\u00e9ho 73, 041 81 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rudolf","family":"\u017dit\u0148an","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Agriculture and Food Centre, Research Institute of Animal Production, Nitra, 951 41 Lu\u017eianky, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mikul\u00e1\u0161","family":"Levkut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Ko\u0161ice, Komensk\u00e9ho 73, 041 81 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"},{"name":"Institute of Neuroimmunology, D\u00fabravsk\u00e1 cesta 9, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"350","article-title":"Development of drugs based on benzimidazole heterocycle: Recent advancement and insights","volume":"5","author":"Anand","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Chem. Stud."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101435","article-title":"Impact of fenbendazole resistance in Ascaridia dissimilis on the economic production in turkeys","volume":"100","author":"Collins","year":"2021","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2507","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-015-4450-y","article-title":"The jejunal cellular responses in chickens infected with a single dose of Ascaridia galli eggs","volume":"114","author":"Kyvsgaard","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.2307\/3274722","article-title":"Importance of the egg shell of Ascaridia galli to the infectivity of its larva","volume":"42","author":"Hansen","year":"1956","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182013000401","article-title":"Population dynamics of Ascaridia galli following single infection in young chickens","volume":"140","author":"Ferdushy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.10.025","article-title":"Localization of Ascaridia galli larvae in the jejunum of chickens 3 days post infection","volume":"185","author":"Ferdushy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2011.02.012","article-title":"Immunopathogenesis of Ascaridia galli infection in layer chicken","volume":"35","author":"Schwarz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2005.00788.x","article-title":"How gastrointestinal nematodes outwitted the immune system?","volume":"27","author":"Else","year":"2005","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1017\/S002202990500110X","article-title":"Biological effects of milk proteins and their peptides with emphasis on that related gastrointestinal ecosystem","volume":"72","author":"Antonella","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Dairy Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1080\/09540105.2016.1258547","article-title":"Is the role of IgA in local immunity completely known?","volume":"28","author":"Herich","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Agric. Immun."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2008.06.001","article-title":"Spontaneous worm expulsion and intestinal IgA response in mice infected by Vampirolepis nana","volume":"57","author":"Matsuzawa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Parasitol. Int."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2008.5","article-title":"Mucins in the mucosal barrier to infection","volume":"1","author":"Linden","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.01.045","article-title":"Mucin gene deficiency in mice impairs host resistance to an enteric parasitic infection","volume":"138","author":"Hasnain","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2019.00117","article-title":"The role of the cell surface mucin MUC-1 as a barrier to infection and regulator of inflammation","volume":"9","author":"Dhar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/peu064","article-title":"Development of intestinal mucin 2, IgA, and polymeric Ig receptor expressions in broiler chickens and Pekin ducks","volume":"94","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1080\/09540105.2017.1313202","article-title":"Inorganic or organic zinc and MUC-2, IgA, IL-17, TGF-\u03b2 gene expression and sIgA secretion in broiler chickens","volume":"28","author":"Levkut","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Agric. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.11.008","article-title":"Zinc and its role in immunity and inflammation","volume":"14","author":"Bonaventura","year":"2015","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2012.10.011","article-title":"A new role for mucins in immunity: Insights from gastrointestinal nematode infection","volume":"45","author":"Hasnain","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"5","article-title":"Zinc: Health effects and research priorities for the 1990s","volume":"102","author":"Walsh","year":"1994","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"193","article-title":"Regulation of metallothionein gene expression","volume":"14","author":"Andrews","year":"1990","journal-title":"Prog. Food Nutr. Sci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.196.9","article-title":"Recent studies on metallothionein: Protection against toxicity of heavy metals and oxygen free radicals","volume":"196","author":"Sato","year":"2002","journal-title":"Tohoku J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"75","article-title":"An investigation on different media for embryonation of Ascaridia galli eggs","volume":"34","author":"Permin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Helminthologia"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1510","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/78.11.1510","article-title":"Hyporesponsiveness of the systemic and mucosal humoral immune systems in chickens infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis at one day of age","volume":"78","author":"Holt","year":"1999","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1080\/09540105.2014.918587","article-title":"Total IgA in spleen, bursa and intestine of chickens pretreated with E. faecium AL41 and challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis PT4","volume":"26","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Agric. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Permin, A., and Hansen, J.W. (1998). FAO Animal Health Manual, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(75)90005-3","article-title":"Arrested development and the histotrophic phase of Ascaridia galli in the chickens","volume":"5","author":"Herd","year":"1975","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2006.05.002","article-title":"Effect of Trichinella spiralis infection on intestinal pathology in mice lacking interleuki-4 (IL-4) or intestinal trefoil factor (ITF\/TFF3)","volume":"55","author":"Dehlawi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Parasitol. Int."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2947","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20091268","article-title":"Intestinal epithelial cell secretion of RELM-\u03b2protect against gastrointestinal worm infection","volume":"206","author":"Herbert","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010622125040","article-title":"Coordinadted Muc2 and Muc3 mucin gene expression in Trichinella spiralis infection in wild-type and cytokine-deficient mice","volume":"46","author":"Shekels","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2004.11.006","article-title":"Trichinella spiralis: Enteric mucin-related response to experimental infection in conventional and SPF pigs","volume":"109","author":"Theoropoulos","year":"2005","journal-title":"Exp. Par."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.05.032","article-title":"The effect of dietary carbohydrates and Trichuris suis infection on pig large intestine tissue structure, epithelial cell proliferation and mucin characteristics","volume":"142","author":"Thomsen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12517","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12517","article-title":"A sticky end for gastrointestinal helminths; the role of the mucus barrier","volume":"40","author":"Sharpe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karaffov\u00e1, V., Revajov\u00e1, V., Dvoro\u017e\u0148akov\u00e1, E., Gre\u0161\u00e1kov\u00e1, \u013d., Levkut, M., \u0160ev\u010d\u00edkov\u00e1, Z., Herich, R., and Levkut, M. (2021). Effect of inorganic zinc on selected immune parameters in chicken blood and jejunum after A. galli infection. Agriculture, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture11060551"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6044","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms14036044","article-title":"The role of metallothionein in oxidative stress","volume":"14","author":"Nejdl","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kimura, T., and Kambe, T. (2016). The functions of metallothionein and ZIP and ZnT transporters: An overview and perspective. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17030336"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1177\/153537020623100903","article-title":"Metallothionein redoc cycle and function","volume":"231","author":"Kang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Exp. Biol. Med."}],"container-title":["Life"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1729\/13\/1\/67\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:51:08Z","timestamp":1760147468000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1729\/13\/1\/67"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,26]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["life13010067"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/life13010067","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-1729"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2075-1729"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,26]]}}}