{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:52:56Z","timestamp":1787028776373,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":150,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,27]],"date-time":"2022-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672099200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Terumo Life Science Foundation, JSPS KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20K17932"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20K17932"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Beauty Life Corporation","award":["20K17932"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20K17932"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Parkinsonian tremors are sometimes confused with essential tremors or other conditions. Recently, researchers conducted several studies on tremor evaluation using wearable sensors and devices, which may support accurate diagnosis. Mechanical devices are also commonly used to treat tremors and have been actively researched and developed. Here, we aimed to review recent progress and the efficacy of the devices related to Parkinsonian tremors. Methods: The PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for articles. We searched for \u201cParkinson disease\u201d and \u201ctremor\u201d and \u201cdevice\u201d. Results: Eighty-six articles were selected by our systematic approach. Many studies demonstrated that the diagnosis and evaluation of tremors in patients with PD can be done accurately by machine learning algorithms. Mechanical devices for tremor suppression include deep brain stimulation (DBS), electrical muscle stimulation, and orthosis. In recent years, adaptive DBS and optimization of stimulation parameters have been studied to further improve treatment efficacy. Conclusions: Due to developments using state-of-the-art techniques, effectiveness in diagnosing and evaluating tremor and suppressing it using these devices is satisfactorily high in many studies. However, other than DBS, no devices are in practical use. To acquire high-level evidence, large-scale studies and randomized controlled trials are needed for these devices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life13010078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,28]],"date-time":"2022-12-28T08:42:22Z","timestamp":1672216942000},"page":"78","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Diagnosis and Treatment of Tremor in Parkinson\u2019s Disease Using Mechanical Devices"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Joji","family":"Fujikawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Brain Research, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima-Shi 770-8503, Tokushima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4919-6441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryoma","family":"Morigaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Brain Research, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima-Shi 770-8503, Tokushima, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima-Shi 770-8503, Tokushima, Japan"},{"name":"Parkinson\u2019s Disease and Dystonia Research Center, Tokushima University Hospital, 2-50-1 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima-Shi 770-8503, Tokushima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5055-6117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nobuaki","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima-Shi 770-8503, Tokushima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Nakanishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima-Shi 770-8503, Tokushima, Japan"},{"name":"Beauty Life Corporation, 2 Kiba-Cho, Minato-Ku, Nagoya 455-0021, Aichi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teruo","family":"Oda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Brain Research, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima-Shi 770-8503, Tokushima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuishin","family":"Izumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parkinson\u2019s Disease and Dystonia Research Center, Tokushima University Hospital, 2-50-1 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima-Shi 770-8503, Tokushima, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima-Shi 770-8503, Tokushima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasushi","family":"Takagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Brain Research, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima-Shi 770-8503, Tokushima, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima-Shi 770-8503, Tokushima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199810153391607","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s disease. 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