{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T03:50:18Z","timestamp":1779162618213,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,31]],"date-time":"2022-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672444800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute of Aging","award":["1R03AG063255-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R03AG063255-01"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Aging","award":["I01-CX001038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["I01-CX001038"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Aging","award":["P30AG072978"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30AG072978"]}]},{"name":"Veterans Health Administration","award":["1R03AG063255-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R03AG063255-01"]}]},{"name":"Veterans Health Administration","award":["I01-CX001038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["I01-CX001038"]}]},{"name":"Veterans Health Administration","award":["P30AG072978"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30AG072978"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Aging Boston University AD Research Center","award":["1R03AG063255-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R03AG063255-01"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Aging Boston University AD Research Center","award":["I01-CX001038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["I01-CX001038"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Aging Boston University AD Research Center","award":["P30AG072978"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30AG072978"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The purpose of this study is to characterize the inflammatory cytokine profile in rhegmatogenous retinal detachments (RRDs) compared to surgical controls. Vitreous humor was collected from patients undergoing vitrectomy for RRD and noninflammatory vitreoretinal diseases. A quantitative immunoassay was used to measure the levels of 36 cytokine markers. Linear regression analysis with the duration of detachment as the predictor and log-transformed cytokine levels as the outcome was conducted for normally distributed cytokines as determined by the Shapiro\u2013Wilk test. The analysis was adjusted for age, sex, and race. The Kruskal\u2013Wallis test was used for cytokines not normally distributed. Twenty-seven RRD cases and thirteen control cases were studied. Between all RRDs and controls, fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) (p = 0.0029), inducible protein-10(IP-10) (p = 0.0021), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) (p = 0.0040), interleukin (IL)-16 (p = 0.018), IL-8 (p = 0.0148), IL-6 (p = 0.0071), eotaxin (p = 0.0323), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1 alpha (p = 0.0149), MIP-1 beta (p = 0.0032), and the thymus and activation regulated cytokine (TARC) (p = 0.0121) were elevated in RRD cases. Between acute RRDs (n = 16) and controls, FGF2 (p = 0.0001), IP10 (p = 0.0027), MCP-1 (p = 0.0015), MIP-1\u03b2 (p = 0.0004), IL-8 (p = 0.0146), and IL-6 (p = 0.0031) were elevated. Determining alterations in inflammatory cytokine profiles may aid in understanding their impact on RRD development, clinical course, and complications before and after surgical repair.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life13010118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,2]],"date-time":"2023-01-02T02:12:48Z","timestamp":1672625568000},"page":"118","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Upregulation of Neuroinflammatory Protein Biomarkers in Acute Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachments"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0596-1903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minali","family":"Prasad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine & Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0019-9502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jia","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine & Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5310-0353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua S.","family":"Agranat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine & Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weiming","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA"},{"name":"Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, MA 01730, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Daley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA"},{"name":"Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, MA 01730, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Ness","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine & Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6827-0152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuejing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine & Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3523-8225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole H.","family":"Siegel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine & Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thor D.","family":"Stein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA"},{"name":"VA Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, MA 01730, USA"},{"name":"VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6431-9454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaeyoon","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manju L.","family":"Subramanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine & Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2021, December 04). 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