{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:52:55Z","timestamp":1787028775463,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,31]],"date-time":"2022-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672444800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The use of umbilical venous catheters (UVCs) has become the standard of care in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) to administer fluids, medications and parenteral nutrition. However, it is well known that UVCs can lead to some serious complications, both mechanical and infective, including CLABSI (Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections). Most authors recommend removing UVC within a maximum of 14 days from its placement. However, the last Infusion Therapy Standards of Practice (INS) guidelines recommends limiting the UVC dwell time to 7 to 10 days, to reduce risks of infectious and thrombotic complications. These guidelines also suggest as an infection prevention strategy to remove UVC after 4 days, followed by the insertion of a PICC if a central line is still needed. Nevertheless, the maximum UVC dwell time to reduce the risk of CLABSI is still controversial, as well as the time of its replacement with a PICC. In this study we reviewed a total of 177 articles, found by using the PubMed database with the following search strings: \u201cUVC AND neonates\u201d, \u201c(neonate* OR newborn*) AND (UVC OR central catheter*) AND (infection*)\u201d. We also analyze the INS guidelines to provide the reader an updated overview on this topic. The purpose of this review is to give updated information on CVCs infectious risks by examining the literature in this field. These data could help clinicians in deciding the best time to remove or to replace the UVC with a PICC, to reduce CLABSIs risk. Despite the lack of strong evidence, the risk of CLABSI seems to be minimized when UVC is removed\/replaced within 7 days from insertion and this indication is emerging from more recent and larger studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life13010123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,2]],"date-time":"2023-01-02T02:12:48Z","timestamp":1672625568000},"page":"123","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Infectious Risks Related to Umbilical Venous Catheter Dwell Time and Its Replacement in Newborns: A Narrative Review of Current Evidence"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2102-2674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucia","family":"Corso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pediatrics Residency, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41224 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4960-2443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martina","family":"Buttera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pediatrics Residency, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41224 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Candia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pediatrics Residency, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41224 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Sforza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pediatrics Residency, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41224 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katia","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Modena, 41224 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Licia","family":"Lugli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Modena, 41224 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5991-8949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Miselli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Modena, 41224 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Bedetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Modena, 41224 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Baraldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Modena, 41224 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Lucaccioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics Unit, University Hospital of Modena, 41224 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0370-7872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Iughetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pediatrics Residency, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41224 Modena, Italy"},{"name":"Pediatrics Unit, University Hospital of Modena, 41224 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3534-7499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Berardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pediatrics Residency, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41224 Modena, Italy"},{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Modena, 41224 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-994540","article-title":"Umbilical venous catheterizations: Audit by the Study Group for Complications of Perinatal Care","volume":"11","author":"Seguin","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am. J. Perinatol."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"23","article-title":"Umbilical arterial and venous catheters: Placement, use, and complications","volume":"17","author":"Green","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neonatal. Netw."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1097\/00129804-200611000-00005","article-title":"Umbilical catheters, placement, and complication management","volume":"29","author":"Nash","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Infus. Nurs."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1053\/jhin.2001.0984","article-title":"Risk factors for central vascular catheter-associated bloodstream infections among patients in a neonatal intensive care unit","volume":"48","author":"Mahieu","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Hosp. Infect."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774705","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.774705","article-title":"Umbilical Venous Catheter Update: A Narrative Review Including Ultrasound and Training","volume":"9","author":"Prontera","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1111\/1552-6909.12278","article-title":"Comparison of complication rates between umbilical and peripherally inserted central venous catheters in newborns","volume":"43","author":"Arnts","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Obstet. Gynecol. Neonatal. Nurs."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir138","article-title":"Summary of recommendations: Guidelines for the Prevention of Intravascular Catheter-related Infections","volume":"52","author":"Alexander","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-2873","article-title":"Statewide NICU central-line-associated bloodstream infection rates decline after bundles and checklists","volume":"127","author":"Schulman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2011.12.004","article-title":"An evidence-based catheter bundle alters central venous catheter strategy in newborn infants","volume":"160","author":"Hoey","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) (2022). Chapter 4\u2014Bloodstream Infection Event (Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infection and Non-Central Line Associated Bloodstream Infection), Patient Safety Component Manual."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1097\/NAN.0000000000000396","article-title":"Infusion Therapy Standards of Practice, 8th Edition","volume":"44","author":"Gorski","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Infus. Nurs."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.11622\/smedj.2019140","article-title":"A review of umbilical venous catheter-related complications at a tertiary neonatal unit in Singapore","volume":"62","author":"Goh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Singap. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e25","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-1880","article-title":"A randomized trial comparing long-term and short-term use of umbilical venous catheters in premature infants with birth weights of less than 1251 grams","volume":"118","author":"Buzzard","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-2710","article-title":"Risk of Infection Using Peripherally Inserted Central and Umbilical Catheters in Preterm Neonates","volume":"136","author":"Shalabi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Konstantinidi, A., Sokou, R., and Panagiotounakou, P. (2019). Umbilical Venous Catheters and Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters: Are They Equally Safe in VLBW Infants? A Non-Randomized Single Center Study. Medicina, 55.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina55080442"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1295650","article-title":"Catheter-related infection and pathogens of umbilical venous catheterization in a neonatal intensive care unit in China","volume":"29","author":"Hei","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Perinatol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1086\/657634","article-title":"Individualized catheter surveillance among neonates: A prospective, 8-year, single-center experience","volume":"32","author":"Zingg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Infect. Control Hosp. 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Rev."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.001034","article-title":"Umbilical catheters as vectors for generalized bacterial infection in premature infants regardless of antibiotic use","volume":"68","author":"Sobczak","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-019-0579-3","article-title":"Umbilical catheter-associated complications in a level IV neonatal intensive care unit","volume":"40","author":"Levit","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Perinatol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2016.243","article-title":"Reducing peripherally inserted central catheters in the neonatal intensive care unit","volume":"37","author":"Vachharajani","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Perinatol."}],"container-title":["Life"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1729\/13\/1\/123\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:49:24Z","timestamp":1760147364000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1729\/13\/1\/123"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,31]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["life13010123"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/life13010123","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-1729"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-1729","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,31]]}}}