{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T17:06:23Z","timestamp":1773075983325,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]],"date-time":"2023-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Initial evidence supports the hypothesis that patients with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (NCFB) have a higher risk of lung cancer. We systematically reviewed the available literature to define the characteristics of lung malignancies in patients with bronchiectasis and the characteristics of patients who develop bronchiectasis-associated lung cancer. Method: This study was performed based on the PRISMA guidelines. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO. Results: The frequency rates of lung cancer in patients with NCFB ranged from 0.93% to 8.0%. The incidence rate was 3.96. Cancer more frequently occurred in the elderly and males. Three studies found an overall higher risk of developing lung cancer in the NCFB population compared to the non-bronchiectasis one, and adenocarcinoma was the most frequently reported histological type. The effect of the co-existence of NCFB and COPD was unclear. Conclusions: NCFB is associated with a higher risk of developing lung cancer than individuals without NCFB. This risk is higher for males, the elderly, and smokers, whereas concomitant COPD\u2019s effect is unclear.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life13020459","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]],"date-time":"2023-02-07T02:56:08Z","timestamp":1675738568000},"page":"459","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Do Patients with Bronchiectasis Have an Increased Risk of Developing Lung Cancer? A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Nadia","family":"Castaldo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital of Udine (ASUFC), 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Fantin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital of Udine (ASUFC), 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Massimiliano","family":"Manera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Verona and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6984-3936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Patruno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital of Udine (ASUFC), 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Sartori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Verona and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7298-7084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ernesto","family":"Crisafulli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Verona and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2018.02.024","article-title":"Bronchiectasis and chronic airway disease: It is not just about asthma and COPD","volume":"154","author":"Polverino","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2010.136374","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of high-resolution computed tomography scans in severe asthma subphenotypes","volume":"65","author":"Gupta","year":"2010","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(16)30320-4","article-title":"Comorbidities and the risk of mortality in patients with bronchiectasis: An international multicentre cohort study","volume":"4","author":"McDonnell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. 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