{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T13:38:27Z","timestamp":1771335507120,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]],"date-time":"2023-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Slovak project","award":["010UVLF-4\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["010UVLF-4\/2023"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of adding Origanum majorana (OM) powder to domestic pigeon diets on growth performance, feeding and drinking behaviour, blood hematology, blood biochemical parameters, blood inflammatory and oxidative markers, carcass characteristics, the weights of lymphoid organs, and and intestinal cecal, and bursa of Fabricius histology. A random distribution of fifty-four unsexed pigeon squabs (30 days old, average body weight; 321 g \u00b1 7.5) into three groups was done. The first group was fed the grower basal diet without adding OM powder, while OM powder was added at levels of 0.5 and 1% to the basal diets of the second and third groups, respectively. The changes in growth performance parameters and feeding and drinking behavior under OM powder\u2019s effect were insignificant. However, the lymphoid organs (spleen and thymus) significantly increased in weight (p &lt; 0.05) in the OM-fed groups. Moreover, blood examination showed positive responses to OM powder in terms of blood cell counts (RBCs andWBCs), and the values of hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, lymphocyte numbers, levels of globulin, and glutathione peroxidase enzyme were significantly increased. The numbers of heterophils, the ratio of heterophil to lymphocyte, malondialdehyde levels were reduced (p &lt; 0.05). Histomorphometry examination revealed increases in intestinal villi height, cecal thickness, and bursal follicle area and number. These results indicated that adding OM powder to the pigeon diet may improve their immunity, increase their antioxidant status, and correct some hematological disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life13030664","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]],"date-time":"2023-02-28T06:09:52Z","timestamp":1677564592000},"page":"664","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Modulation of Immunity, Antioxidant Status, Performance, Blood Hematology, and Intestinal Histomorphometry in Response to Dietary Inclusion of Origanum majorana in Domestic Pigeons\u2019 Diet"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Hala Y.","family":"Amer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, New Valley University, El-Kharga 72511, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rasha I. M.","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatma El-Zahraa A.","family":"Mustafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell and Tissues, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6376-8445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramadan D.","family":"EL-Shoukary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, New Valley University, El-Kharga 72511, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim F.","family":"Rehan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Husbandry and Development of Animal Wealth, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin Alkom, Menoufia 32511, Egypt"},{"name":"Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Yagotoyama 150, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya-shi 468-8503, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2791-166X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Franti\u0161ek","family":"Zigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Animal Husbandry, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komensk\u00e9ho 73, 04181 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0854-5155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zuzana","family":"Lackov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Animal Husbandry, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komensk\u00e9ho 73, 04181 Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5734-0183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Walaa M. S.","family":"Gomaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-020-02023-7","article-title":"Heat stress and poultry production: Impact and amelioration","volume":"65","author":"Vandana","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Biometeorol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.japr.2020.10.009","article-title":"Poultry production and its effects on food security in the Middle Eastern and North African region","volume":"30","author":"Daghir","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Appl. Poult. Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Puva\u010da, N., Tufarelli, V., and Giannenas, I. 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