{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T06:19:51Z","timestamp":1789453191088,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Intraoral examinations are essential in the evaluation of the upper airway in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The morphology of the anatomic structures of the soft palate, the tonsillar fossae, and the palatoglossus and palatopharyngeal muscles is an important determinant of the size and collapsibility of the velum and oropharynx. The Palatopharyngeal Arch Staging System (PASS) is a systematic way to explore the oropharynx and report anatomic variations in the visible part of the palatopharyngeal muscle. In this prospective study, 30 sleep surgeons evaluated the reliability of the PASS using a selection of 23 videos of oropharyngeal examinations of healthy patients. The corresponding score on the PASS scale was graded for each examination. For internal structure and internal agreement, the Cronbach and Krippendorff alpha values were 0.96 and 0.46, which corresponded to a nearly perfect interrelationship and a moderate agreement, respectively. These findings suggest that the PASS is a valuable tool for evaluating the position of the palatopharyngeus muscle during oropharyngeal examinations and may be useful for creating a common language for sleep surgeons when evaluating the palatopharyngeal muscle.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life13030709","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T05:18:43Z","timestamp":1678079923000},"page":"709","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Palatopharyngeal Arch Staging System (PASS): Consensus about Oropharyngeal Evaluation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Marta","family":"Morato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28942 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Quir\u00f3nsalud Madrid, 28223 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maribel P.","family":"Cardona-Sosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ronquido Monterrey, Centro de Diagn\u00f3stico y Tratamiento, Monterrey 64660, Mexico"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Cl\u00ednica Hospital Constituci\u00f3n, ISSSTE, Monterrey 64530, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8427-9624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriela","family":"Bosco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28942 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Sanitas La Zarzuela, 28942 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5868-4201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuria","family":"P\u00e9rez-Mart\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28942 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Sanitas La Zarzuela, 28942 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayerin M.","family":"Marte-Bonilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ronquido Monterrey, Centro de Diagn\u00f3stico y Tratamiento, Monterrey 64660, Mexico"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Cl\u00ednica Hospital Constituci\u00f3n, ISSSTE, Monterrey 64530, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfonso","family":"Marco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Reina Sof\u00eda, 30003 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1670-4235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"O\u2019Connor-Reina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Quir\u00f3nsalud Marbella, 29603 Marbella, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4770-0755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodolfo","family":"Lugo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ronquido Monterrey, Centro de Diagn\u00f3stico y Tratamiento, Monterrey 64660, Mexico"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Cl\u00ednica Hospital Constituci\u00f3n, ISSSTE, Monterrey 64530, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6409-4921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guillermo","family":"Plaza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28942 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Sanitas La Zarzuela, 28942 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(19)30198-5","article-title":"Sleep apnoea: A literature-based analysis","volume":"7","author":"Benjafield","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. 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