{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T15:54:42Z","timestamp":1792684482765,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":179,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic wounds represent nowadays a major challenge for both clinicians and researchers in the regenerative setting. Obesity represents one of the major comorbidities in patients affected by chronic ulcers and therefore diverse studies aimed at assessing possible links between these two morbid conditions are currently ongoing. In particular, adipose tissue has recently been described as having metabolic and endocrine functions rather than serving as a mere fat storage deposit. In this setting, adipose-derived stem cells, a peculiar subset of mesenchymal stromal\/stem cells (MSCs) located in adipose tissue, have been demonstrated to possess regenerative and immunological functions with a key role in regulating both adipocyte function and skin regeneration. The aim of the present review is to give an overview of the most recent findings on wound healing, with a special focus on adipose tissue biology and obesity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life13030717","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]],"date-time":"2023-03-07T02:30:45Z","timestamp":1678156245000},"page":"717","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Obesity and Wound Healing: Focus on Mesenchymal Stem Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Antonio","family":"Alma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento Chirurgico, Medico, Odontoiatrico e di Scienze Morfologiche con Interesse Trapiantologico, Oncologico e di Medicina Rigenerativa, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7754-4653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guya Diletta","family":"Marconi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento Chirurgico, Medico, Odontoiatrico e di Scienze Morfologiche con Interesse Trapiantologico, Oncologico e di Medicina Rigenerativa, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Magnoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento Chirurgico, Medico, Odontoiatrico e di Scienze Morfologiche con Interesse Trapiantologico, Oncologico e di Medicina Rigenerativa, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0916-7769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessia","family":"Paganelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PhD Course in Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1381\/096089203765887598","article-title":"Overweight and Obesity Worldwide Now Estimated to Involve 1.7 Billion People","volume":"13","author":"Deitel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Obes. Surg."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baghbani-Naghadehi, F., Armijo-Olivo, S., Prado, C.M., and Woodhouse, L.J. (2022). Obesity, Comorbidities, and the Associated Risk among Patients Who Underwent Total Knee Arthroplasty in Alberta. J. Knee Surg., s-0042-1742646.","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1742646"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ligi, D., Croce, L., Mosti, G., Raffetto, J.D., and Mannello, F. (2017). Chronic Venous Insufficiency: Transforming Growth Factor-\u03b2 Isoforms and Soluble Endoglin Concentration in Different States of Wound Healing. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18102206"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1177\/02683555221130923","article-title":"Ultrasound Patterns of Venous Disease in Patients with Venous Leg Ulcers and Morbid Obesity","volume":"37","author":"Moss","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phlebology"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Costa, D., Andreucci, M., Ielapi, N., Serraino, G.F., Mastroroberto, P., Bracale, U.M., and Serra, R. (2023). Molecular Determinants of Chronic Venous Disease: A Comprehensive Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24031928"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1089\/wound.2021.0016","article-title":"Debridement of Diabetic Foot Ulcers","volume":"11","author":"Dayya","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Wound Care"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.13914","article-title":"Relationships among Social Support, Coping Style, Self-Stigma, and Quality of Life in Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcer: A Multicentre, Cross-Sectional Study","volume":"20","author":"Luo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. Wound J."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jung, F.U.C.E., Riedel-Heller, S.G., and Luck-Sikorski, C. (2023). The Relationship between Weight History and Psychological Health-Differences Related to Gender and Weight Loss Patterns. PLoS ONE, 18.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0281776"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2992","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2013-1403","article-title":"White, Brown, Beige\/Brite: Different Adipose Cells for Different Functions?","volume":"154","author":"Giralt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, J., and Xu, R. (2022). Obesity-Associated ECM Remodeling in Cancer Progression. Cancers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14225684"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.endonu.2013.03.011","article-title":"Adipose Tissue: Cell Heterogeneity and Functional Diversity","volume":"61","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocrinol. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"638936","article-title":"Obesity and Surgical Wound Healing: A Current Review","volume":"2014","author":"Pierpont","year":"2014","journal-title":"ISRN Obes."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/s11538-020-00815-x","article-title":"Mathematical Model of Chronic Dermal Wounds in Diabetes and Obesity","volume":"82","author":"Friedman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bull. Math. Biol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2020.03.013","article-title":"Dermal Adipocyte Lipolysis and Myofibroblast Conversion Are Required for Efficient Skin Repair","volume":"26","author":"Shook","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.02.032","article-title":"Influence of Obese Phenotype on Metabolic Profile, Inflammatory Mediators and Stemness of HADSC in Adipose Tissue","volume":"39","author":"Rawal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2752","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.24110","article-title":"Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Promote the Proliferation of Basal Stem Cells and Efficient Epithelization in Organotypic Models of Wound Healing","volume":"85","author":"Paganelli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microsc. Res. Tech."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1517\/14712598.2010.519333","article-title":"Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Biological Properties and Clinical Applications","volume":"10","author":"Elvira","year":"2010","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Biol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6528","DOI":"10.24875\/CIRU.21000110","article-title":"Implicaci\u00f3n de las c\u00e9lulas madre derivadas del tejido adiposo en la cicatrizaci\u00f3n de heridas de pacientes obesos y pacientes oncol\u00f3gicos","volume":"90","author":"Villagrasa","year":"2022","journal-title":"CIRU"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1159\/000501071","article-title":"In Vitro Engineering of a Skin Substitute Based on Adipose-Derived Stem Cells","volume":"207","author":"Paganelli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cells Tissues Organs"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.5966\/sctm.2015-0161","article-title":"Obesity Determines the Immunophenotypic Profile and Functional Characteristics of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells From Adipose Tissue","volume":"5","author":"Serena","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stem Cells Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1530\/JME-20-0229","article-title":"Obesity Enhances the Recruitment of Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Visceral Adipose Tissue","volume":"67","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pluta, W., Dudzi\u0144ska, W., and Lubkowska, A. (2022). Metabolic Obesity in People with Normal Body Weight (MONW)-Review of Diagnostic Criteria. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19020624"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.111315","article-title":"Adipose Tissue and Insulin Resistance in Obese","volume":"137","author":"Ahmed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Longo, M., Zatterale, F., Naderi, J., Parrillo, L., Formisano, P., Raciti, G.A., Beguinot, F., and Miele, C. (2019). Adipose Tissue Dysfunction as Determinant of Obesity-Associated Metabolic Complications. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20092358"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.7570\/jomes.2018.27.3.134","article-title":"Perspective on Diagnostic Criteria for Obesity and Abdominal Obesity in Korean Adults","volume":"27","author":"Nam","year":"2018","journal-title":"JOMES"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2160","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60936-8","article-title":"Europe Battles with Obesity","volume":"371","author":"Hyde","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.5604\/12321966.1120608","article-title":"Obesity and Poverty Paradox in Developed Countries","volume":"21","author":"Adamczuk","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Agric. Environ. Med."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"275","article-title":"The contribution of epidemiology to the definition of obesity and its risk factors","volume":"46","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ther. Umsch."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2667","DOI":"10.2337\/db11-1118","article-title":"Poverty and Obesity in the U.S","volume":"60","author":"Levine","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3310\/hta8210","article-title":"Systematic Review of the Long-Term Effects and Economic Consequences of Treatments for Obesity and Implications for Health Improvement","volume":"8","author":"Avenell","year":"2004","journal-title":"Health Technol. Assess."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"w822","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.28.5.w822","article-title":"Annual Medical Spending Attributable to Obesity: Payer-and Service-Specific Estimates","volume":"28","author":"Finkelstein","year":"2009","journal-title":"Health Aff."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van den Broek-Altenburg, E., Atherly, A., and Holladay, E. (2022). Changes in Healthcare Spending Attributable to Obesity and Overweight: Payer- and Service-Specific Estimates. BMC Public Health, 22.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-13176-y"},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"S5","article-title":"Familial Trends of Obesity through Three Generations: The Belgian-Luxembourg Child Study","volume":"19","author":"Guillaume","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"138","article-title":"Obesity: Internal Medicine, Obstetric and Gynecological Problems Related to Overweight","volume":"36","author":"Grio","year":"1994","journal-title":"Panminerva Med."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199511023331801","article-title":"The Influence of Smoking Cessation on the Prevalence of Overweight in the United States","volume":"333","author":"Flegal","year":"1995","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"S1","article-title":"Childhood Predictors of Adult Obesity: A Systematic Review","volume":"23","author":"Parsons","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-1887","article-title":"Obesity without Established Comorbidities of the Metabolic Syndrome Is Associated with a Proinflammatory and Prothrombotic State, Even before the Onset of Puberty in Children","volume":"95","author":"Mauras","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v12.i10.709","article-title":"Metabolic Syndrome and Liver Disease in the Era of Bariatric Surgery: What You Need to Know!","volume":"12","author":"Ziogas","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/84.2.427","article-title":"Body Mass Index History and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: Results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)\u2013Potsdam Study","volume":"84","author":"Schienkiewitz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3415","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-05-427708","article-title":"Inflammation, Obesity, and Thrombosis","volume":"122","author":"Samad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2011.06.002","article-title":"Insulin Resistance: The Link Between Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"95","author":"Reaven","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2009.55","article-title":"Obesity, Inflammation, and Atherosclerosis","volume":"6","author":"Rocha","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"e29657","article-title":"A Multidisciplinary Approach and Current Perspective of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review","volume":"14","author":"Zaman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_44","unstructured":"Feingold, K.R., Anawalt, B., Blackman, M.R., Boyce, A., Chrousos, G., Corpas, E., de Herder, W.W., Dhatariya, K., Hofland, J., and Dungan, K. (2000). Endotext, MDText.com, Inc."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848947","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.848947","article-title":"Metabolic Surgery on Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"13","author":"Yue","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsr1606602","article-title":"International Agency for Research on Cancer Handbook Working Group Body Fatness and Cancer\u2014Viewpoint of the IARC Working Group","volume":"375","author":"Scoccianti","year":"2016","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1097\/CND.0b013e3182196e3c","article-title":"Metabolic Syndrome in Small Fiber Sensory Neuropathy","volume":"12","author":"Zhou","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neuromuscul. Dis."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"For the Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Morys, F., Potvin, O., Zeighami, Y., Vogel, J., Lamontagne-Caron, R., Duchesne, S., and Dagher, A. (2023). Obesity-Associated Neurodegeneration Pattern Mimics Alzheimer\u2019s Disease in an Observational Cohort Study. J. Alzheimers Dis., 91, 1059\u20131071.","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-220535"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2012.05624.x","article-title":"The Dermatological Consequences of Obesity: Dermatological Consequences of Obesity","volume":"52","author":"Tobin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2013.04.014","article-title":"Respiratory Physiology and Pulmonary Complications in Obesity","volume":"27","author":"Sebastian","year":"2013","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.108.057299","article-title":"Association between Common Mental Disorder and Obesity over the Adult Life Course","volume":"195","author":"Batty","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"4196","article-title":"Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Releases Interleukin-6, but Not Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha, in Vivo","volume":"82","author":"Goodrick","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2221","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.99.16.2219\/c","article-title":"Evidence for a Link between Adipose Tissue Interleukin-6 Content and Serum C-Reactive Protein Concentrations in Obese Subjects","volume":"99","author":"Bastard","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e535","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000450","article-title":"Contributory Risk and Management of Comorbidities of Hypertension, Obesity, Diabetes Mellitus, Hyperlipidemia, and Metabolic Syndrome in Chronic Heart Failure: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association","volume":"134","author":"Bozkurt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1089\/wound.2013.0473","article-title":"Epithelialization in Wound Healing: A Comprehensive Review","volume":"3","author":"Pastar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. Wound Care"},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"35","article-title":"Molecular Aspects of Wound Healing and the Rise of Venous Leg Ulceration: Omics Approaches to Enhance Knowledge and Aid Diagnostic Discovery","volume":"38","author":"Broszczak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Biochem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265sr6","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3009337","article-title":"Wound Repair and Regeneration: Mechanisms, Signaling, and Translation","volume":"6","author":"Eming","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.1177\/147323000903700531","article-title":"The Wound Healing Process: An Overview of the Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms","volume":"37","author":"Velnar","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Int. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07039","article-title":"Wound Repair and Regeneration","volume":"453","author":"Gurtner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.17219\/acem\/125430","article-title":"Platelet Polyphosphate Level Is Elevated in Patients with Chronic Primary Thrombocytopenia: A Preliminary Study","volume":"29","author":"Kuliczkowski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Clin. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.2003.83.3.835","article-title":"Regulation of Wound Healing by Growth Factors and Cytokines","volume":"83","author":"Werner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1089\/wound.2012.0381","article-title":"Biofilms and Inflammation in Chronic Wounds","volume":"2","author":"Zhao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv. Wound Care"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700701","article-title":"Inflammation in Wound Repair: Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms","volume":"127","author":"Eming","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2128","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2020.1816342","article-title":"Keratinocyte Autophagy Enables the Activation of Keratinocytes and Fibroblastsand Facilitates Wound Healing","volume":"17","author":"Qiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"ref_65","first-page":"1657","article-title":"Localization of MRNAs Representing Collagenase and TIMP in Sections of Healing Human Burn Wounds","volume":"143","author":"Stricklin","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.324.7330.160","article-title":"Science, Medicine and the Future: Healing Chronic Wounds","volume":"324","author":"Harding","year":"2002","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zheng, Y., Xu, P., Pan, C., Wang, Y., Liu, Z., Chen, Y., Chen, C., Fu, S., Xue, K., and Zhou, Q. (2022). Production and Biological Effects of Extracellular Vesicles from Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Were Markedly Increased by Low-Intensity Ultrasound Stimulation for Promoting Diabetic Wound Healing. Stem Cell Rev. Rep., 1\u201323.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-022-10487-w"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1681.2003.03931.x","article-title":"Stem Cell-Derived Angiogenic\/Vasculogenic Cells: Possible Therapies for Tissue Repair and Tissue Engineering","volume":"30","author":"Zwaginga","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1999.tb07671.x","article-title":"Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Inhibition in Cutaneous Wound Healing and Allergic Contact Hypersensitivity","volume":"878","author":"Pilcher","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)62953-7","article-title":"Molecular Pathogenesis of Chronic Wounds: The Role of Beta-Catenin and c-Myc in the Inhibition of Epithelialization and Wound Healing","volume":"167","author":"Stojadinovic","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4219","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.9.4219","article-title":"Myofibroblasts Differentiate from Fibroblasts When Plated at Low Density","volume":"93","author":"Masur","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1590\/s0102-865020180020000006","article-title":"Effects of the Application of the Amniotic Membrane in the Healing Process of Skin Wounds in Rats","volume":"33","author":"Campelo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Cir. Bras."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0b013e31828ff9f4","article-title":"The Role of Wound Healing and Its Everyday Application in Plastic Surgery: A Practical Perspective and Systematic Review","volume":"1","author":"Ireton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg. Glob. Open"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2021.12235","article-title":"Identification of Differentially Expressed Proteins Involved in Fetal Scarless Wound Healing Using a Rat Model of Cleft Lip","volume":"24","author":"Yan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_75","first-page":"5","article-title":"Atypical wounds: Definition and classification","volume":"66","author":"Situm","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Med. Croat."},{"key":"ref_76","unstructured":"Wallace, H.A., Basehore, B.M., and Zito, P.M. (2022). StatPearls, StatPearls Publishing."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1177\/1534734617737639","article-title":"Nutrition and Lower Extremity Ulcers: Causality and\/or Treatment","volume":"16","author":"Haughey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Low Extrem. Wounds"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1994.01690040093015","article-title":"Definitions and Guidelines for Assessment of Wounds and Evaluation of Healing","volume":"130","author":"Lazarus","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2018.03.004","article-title":"Cutaneous Manifestations of Chronic Vascular Disease","volume":"60","author":"Dean","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_80","first-page":"231","article-title":"Pharmacological Treatment and Prevention of Chronic Venous Ulcers: A Review","volume":"63","author":"Cerbone","year":"2015","journal-title":"Minerva Cardioangiol."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matbio.2016.01.013","article-title":"Keloids: The Paradigm of Skin Fibrosis-Pathomechanisms and Treatment","volume":"51","author":"Andrews","year":"2016","journal-title":"Matrix Biol."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35S","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000225431.63010.1b","article-title":"Chronic Wound Pathogenesis and Current Treatment Strategies: A Unifying Hypothesis","volume":"117","author":"Mustoe","year":"2006","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1111\/wrr.12173","article-title":"Role of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Wound Healing","volume":"22","author":"Hassan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Wound Repair Regen."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2013.05.024","article-title":"Therapy with Autologous Adipose-Derived Regenerative Cells for the Care of Chronic Ulcer of Lower Limbs in Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease","volume":"185","author":"Marino","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Surg. Res."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-475X.2009.00543.x","article-title":"Human Skin Wounds: A Major and Snowballing Threat to Public Health and the Economy","volume":"17","author":"Sen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Wound Repair Regen."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.36290\/vnl.2018.157","article-title":"Chronic Non-Healing Wounds in Geriatrics","volume":"64","author":"Mezera","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vnitr. Lek."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S26","DOI":"10.12968\/bjon.2022.31.12.S26","article-title":"The Impact of Nutrition on Pressure Ulcer Healing","volume":"31","author":"Manley","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br. J. Nurs."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/wrr.12245","article-title":"Chronic Wound Repair and Healing in Older Adults: Current Status and Future Research","volume":"23","author":"Gould","year":"2015","journal-title":"Wound Repair Regen."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.04.006","article-title":"Lower Extremity Ulcers","volume":"105","author":"Schneider","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2014.23.12.601","article-title":"The Impact of Chronic Venous Leg Ulcers: A Systematic Review","volume":"23","author":"Green","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Wound Care"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1177\/1043659621992850","article-title":"Body Image as a Mediator Between Gender and Quality of Life Among Patients With Diabetic Foot Ulcers in Indonesia","volume":"32","author":"Putri","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Transcult. Nurs."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASW.0000484243.32091.0c","article-title":"The Impact of Venous Leg Ulcers on Body Image and Self-Esteem","volume":"29","author":"Massahud","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Ski. Wound Care"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1097\/00129334-200410000-00013","article-title":"Obesity: Impediment to Postsurgical Wound Healing","volume":"17","author":"Wilson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Adv. Ski. Wound Care"},{"key":"ref_94","first-page":"36","article-title":"Obesity: Changing the Face of Geriatric Care","volume":"52","author":"Gates","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ostomy Wound Manag."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASW.0000902496.57391.80","article-title":"Patient-Centered Outcomes for Individuals with a Venous Leg Ulcer: A Scoping Review","volume":"36","author":"Lazar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Ski. Wound Care"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1007\/s10456-022-09848-3","article-title":"Angiogenesis in Adipose Tissue and Obesity","volume":"25","author":"Corvera","year":"2022","journal-title":"Angiogenesis"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.01300-08","article-title":"Metabolic Dysregulation and Adipose Tissue Fibrosis: Role of Collagen VI","volume":"29","author":"Khan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1990","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-1567","article-title":"Adipose Tissue Extracellular Matrix and Vascular Abnormalities in Obesity and Insulin Resistance","volume":"96","author":"Spencer","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39S","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(98)00184-6","article-title":"Impediments to Wound Healing","volume":"176","author":"Stadelmann","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2006.12.004","article-title":"Obesity and the Skin: Skin Physiology and Skin Manifestations of Obesity","volume":"56","author":"Yosipovitch","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6109(05)70572-7","article-title":"Wound infection","volume":"77","author":"Robson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Surg. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, M., Zhang, S., Wang, L., Wu, J., Li, X., and Yuan, J. (2022). Metabolically Healthy Obesity and Carotid Plaque among Steelworkers in North China: The Role of Inflammation. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14235123"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0b013e3182881cb0","article-title":"Obesity and Pressure Ulcers among Nursing Home Residents","volume":"51","author":"Cai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med. Care"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5089","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.08.006","article-title":"Association of Overweight and Obesity with the Prevalence and Incidence of Pressure Ulcers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"40","author":"Alipoor","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1111\/nicc.12554","article-title":"The Relationship between Obesity and Nursing Care Problems in Intensive Care Patients in Austria","volume":"27","author":"Bauer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nurs. Crit. Care"},{"key":"ref_106","unstructured":"Feingold, K.R., Anawalt, B., Boyce, A., Chrousos, G., de Herder, W.W., Dhatariya, K., Dungan, K., Hershman, J.M., Hofland, J., and Kalra, S. (2000). Endotext, MDText.com, Inc."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASW.0000550591.08674.98","article-title":"Plantar Ulcers and Neuropathic Arthropathies: Associated Diseases, Polyneuropathy Correlates, and Risk Covariates","volume":"32","author":"Andrews","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Ski. Wound Care"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Costa, D., Ielapi, N., Caprino, F., Giannotta, N., Sisinni, A., Abramo, A., Ssempijja, L., Andreucci, M., Bracale, U.M., and Serra, R. (2022). Social Aspects of Diabetic Foot: A Scoping Review. Soc. Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/socsci11040149"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1089\/wound.2012.0437","article-title":"Influence of Comorbidities: Neuropathy, Vasculopathy, and Diabetes on Healing Response Quality","volume":"2","author":"Ackermann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv. Wound Care"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.2174\/157339911797579188","article-title":"Glycoxidation and Wound Healing in Diabetes: An Interesting Relationship","volume":"7","author":"Peppa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Diabetes Rev."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868999","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2022.868999","article-title":"Space Flight-Promoted Insulin Resistance as a Possible Disruptor of Wound Healing","volume":"10","author":"Strollo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, P., Pei, Q., Yu, T., Chang, Q., Wang, D., Gao, M., Zhang, X., and Liu, Y. (2016). Compromised Wound Healing in Ischemic Type 2 Diabetic Rats. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0152068"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tadokoro, S., Ide, S., Tokuyama, R., Umeki, H., Tatehara, S., Kataoka, S., and Satomura, K. (2015). Leptin Promotes Wound Healing in the Skin. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0121242"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2006.00653.x","article-title":"Modulation of Central Leptin Sensitivity and Energy Balance in a Rat Model of Diet-Induced Obesity","volume":"9","author":"Fam","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-020-01391-8","article-title":"The Role of Leptin in Selected Skin Diseases","volume":"19","author":"Dopytalska","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635055","DOI":"10.3389\/froh.2021.635055","article-title":"Immunomodulating Profile of Dental Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: A Comprehensive Overview","volume":"2","author":"Paganelli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Oral Health"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Costela-Ruiz, V.J., Melguizo-Rodr\u00edguez, L., Bellotti, C., Illescas-Montes, R., Stanco, D., Arciola, C.R., and Lucarelli, E. (2022). Different Sources of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Tissue Regeneration: A Guide to Identifying the Most Favorable One in Orthopedics and Dentistry Applications. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23116356"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI10413","article-title":"Marrow Stromal Stem Cells","volume":"105","author":"Bianco","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.1988.Supplement_10.5","article-title":"Marrow Stromal Stem Cells","volume":"10","author":"Owen","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci. Suppl."},{"key":"ref_120","first-page":"557","article-title":"Precursor cells for osteogenic and hemopoietic tissues. Analysis of heterotopic transplants of bone marrow","volume":"10","author":"Petrakova","year":"1968","journal-title":"Tsitologiia"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2019.0025","article-title":"Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives","volume":"28","author":"Trubiani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stem Cells Dev."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1126\/science.284.5411.143","article-title":"Multilineage Potential of Adult Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells","volume":"284","author":"Pittenger","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1634\/stemcells.2004-0058","article-title":"Isolation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells of Fetal or Maternal Origin from Human Placenta","volume":"22","author":"Scherjon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-0774.2010.00083.x","article-title":"Human Breast Milk Is a Rich Source of Multipotent Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Multipotent Breast Milk Stem Cells","volume":"23","author":"Patki","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum. Cell"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-019-1376-9","article-title":"Umbilical Cord as a Long-Term Source of Activatable Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Immunomodulation","volume":"10","author":"Selich","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-4827(03)00107-1","article-title":"Establishment of Tendon-Derived Cell Lines Exhibiting Pluripotent Mesenchymal Stem Cell-like Property","volume":"287","author":"Salingcarnboriboon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1080\/14653240600855905","article-title":"Minimal Criteria for Defining Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. The International Society for Cellular Therapy Position Statement","volume":"8","author":"Dominici","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.3016","article-title":"Concise Review: Mesenchymal Stem Cells: From Roots to Boost","volume":"37","author":"Andrzejewska","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2019.08.002","article-title":"Mesenchymal Stem versus Stromal Cells: International Society for Cell & Gene Therapy (ISCT\u00ae) Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Committee Position Statement on Nomenclature","volume":"21","author":"Viswanathan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030288","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2022.1030288","article-title":"Therapeutic Potential of Exosomes from Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Chronic Wound Healing","volume":"9","author":"Long","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Surg."},{"key":"ref_131","first-page":"1657","article-title":"Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Regulate Microglia Phenotypes: A Promising Treatment for Acute Central Nervous System Injury","volume":"18","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-023-03242-6","article-title":"Mechanisms and Clinical Application Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Periodontal Regeneration","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014687","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.1014687","article-title":"Efficacy of Autologous Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Treatment for Chronic Degenerative Musculoskeletal Conditions in Dogs: A Retrospective Study","volume":"9","author":"Armitage","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocit.2014.12.001","article-title":"Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Immunomodulatory Capability and Clinical Potential in Immune Diseases","volume":"2","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Cell. Immunother."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yamada, Y., Nakamura-Yamada, S., Kusano, K., and Baba, S. (2019). Clinical Potential and Current Progress of Dental Pulp Stem Cells for Various Systemic Diseases in Regenerative Medicine: A Concise Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20051132"},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B\u00f6rger, V., Bremer, M., Ferrer-Tur, R., Gockeln, L., Stambouli, O., Becic, A., and Giebel, B. (2017). Mesenchymal Stem\/Stromal Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Their Potential as Novel Immunomodulatory Therapeutic Agents. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18071450"},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1177\/0394632017722332","article-title":"Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells Secretome from Multiple Sclerosis Patients Suppresses NALP3 Inflammasome Activation in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis","volume":"30","author":"Giacoppo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Immunopathol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13247","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.13247","article-title":"Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Psoriasis: State of the Art and Future Perspectives","volume":"33","author":"Paganelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dermatol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-019-04588-y","article-title":"Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Autoimmune Diseases: Emerging Roles of Extracellular Vesicles","volume":"46","author":"Rad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Antonioli, E., Torres, N., Ferretti, M., de Azevedo Piccinato, C., and Sertie, A.L. (2019). Individual Response to MTOR Inhibition in Delaying Replicative Senescence of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. PLoS ONE, 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0204784"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2022.0189","article-title":"The Dark Side of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Cutaneous Oncology: Roles, Expectations, and Potential Pitfalls","volume":"31","author":"Paganelli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stem Cells Dev."},{"key":"ref_142","first-page":"S1","article-title":"Wound Care Centers: Critical Thinking and Treatment Strategies for Wounds","volume":"28","author":"Bohn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Wounds"},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.teb.2016.0455","article-title":"A Review of Cell-Based Strategies for Soft Tissue Reconstruction","volume":"23","author":"Brett","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tissue Eng. Part B Rev."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-018-0325-8","article-title":"Manufacturing of Primed Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Therapy","volume":"3","author":"Yin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2713","DOI":"10.1634\/stemcells.2008-0031","article-title":"IFATS Collection: Using Human Adipose-Derived Stem\/Stromal Cells for the Production of New Skin Substitutes","volume":"26","author":"Trottier","year":"2008","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4279","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e02-02-0105","article-title":"Human Adipose Tissue Is a Source of Multipotent Stem Cells","volume":"13","author":"Zuk","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-022-03188-1","article-title":"Implantation of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Sheets Promotes Axonal Regeneration and Restores Bladder Function after Spinal Cord Injury","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.2174\/1574888X14666190429141421","article-title":"Current Research and Use of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Therapy of Autoimmune Diseases","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berry, C.E., Abbas, D.B., Lintel, H.A., Churukian, A.A., Griffin, M., Guo, J.L., Cotterell, A.C., Parker, J.B.L., Downer, M.A., and Longaker, M.T. (2022). Adipose-Derived Stromal Cell-Based Therapies for Radiation-Induced Fibrosis. Adv. Wound Care.","DOI":"10.1089\/wound.2022.0103"},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1080\/21681805.2022.2162117","article-title":"Feasibility of Minimally Invasive, Same-Day Injection of Autologous Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction","volume":"57","author":"Fode","year":"2022","journal-title":"Scand. J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Naeimi, A., Zaminy, A., Amini, N., Balabandi, R., and Golipoor, Z. (2022). Effects of Melatonin-Pretreated Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC) in an Animal Model of Spinal Cord Injury. BMC Neurosci., 23.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12868-022-00752-6"},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2173","DOI":"10.1002\/sctm.17-0129","article-title":"Concise Review: Multifaceted Characterization of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Use in Regenerative Medicine","volume":"6","author":"Samsonraj","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stem Cells Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.23736\/S0026-4806.20.07205-5","article-title":"Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes for Wound Healing: Current Status and Promising Directions","volume":"112","author":"Vu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Minerva Med."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trubiani, O., Marconi, G.D., Pierdomenico, S.D., Piattelli, A., Diomede, F., and Pizzicannella, J. (2019). Human Oral Stem Cells, Biomaterials and Extracellular Vesicles: A Promising Tool in Bone Tissue Repair. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20204987"},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1080\/2000656X.2020.1767116","article-title":"Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Wound Healing of Full-Thickness Skin Defects: A Review of the Literature","volume":"54","author":"Huayllani","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Plast. Surg. Hand Surg."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2007.05.018","article-title":"Wound Healing Effect of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells: A Critical Role of Secretory Factors on Human Dermal Fibroblasts","volume":"48","author":"Kim","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-019-01997-8","article-title":"Extracellular Matrix Deposition by Adipose-Derived Stem Cells and Fibroblasts: A Comparative Study","volume":"312","author":"Paganelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol. Res."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13141","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.28589","article-title":"Mesenchymal Stem Cells Differentiate into Keratinocytes and Express Epidermal Kallikreins: Towards an in Vitro Model of Human Epidermis","volume":"120","author":"Nunes","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_159","first-page":"1012637","article-title":"Mesenchymal Stem Cells Express Epidermal Markers in an in Vitro Reconstructed Human Skin Model","volume":"10","author":"Reigado","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9148310","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/9148310","article-title":"Epidermal Stem Cells in Wound Healing and Regeneration","volume":"2020","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S9","DOI":"10.1111\/wrr.12579","article-title":"Galectin-1 from Conditioned Medium of Three-Dimensional Culture of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Accelerates Migration and Proliferation of Human Keratinocytes and Fibroblasts","volume":"26","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Wound Repair Regen."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.11.057","article-title":"Hypoxia-Pretreated ADSC-Derived Exosome-Embedded Hydrogels Promote Angiogenesis and Accelerate Diabetic Wound Healing","volume":"157","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.113463","article-title":"Hypoxic ADSC-Derived Exosomes Enhance Wound Healing in Diabetic Mice via Delivery of Circ-Snhg11 and Induction of M2-like Macrophage Polarization","volume":"153","author":"Shi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2799844","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/2799844","article-title":"Delayed Supplementation Strategy of Extracellular Vesicles from Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells with Improved Proregenerative Efficiency in a Fat Transplantation Model","volume":"2022","author":"Mou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734810","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2021.734810","article-title":"Exosomes Derived From Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Inhibit Lipogenesis Involving Hedgehog Signaling Pathway","volume":"9","author":"Ji","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v13.i12.1066","article-title":"Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes: The Dawn of Diabetic Wound Healing","volume":"13","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"World J. Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2177082","DOI":"10.1080\/0886022X.2023.2177082","article-title":"Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomal MiR-30e-5p Ameliorates High-Glucose Induced Renal Proximal Tubular Cell Pyroptosis by Inhibiting ELAVL1","volume":"45","author":"Lv","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ren. Fail."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.204513","article-title":"Hair Follicle Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosomal LncRNA H19 Inhibited NLRP3 Pyroptosis to Promote Diabetic Mouse Skin Wound Healing","volume":"15","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12609","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.103606","article-title":"Obesity Is Associated with Senescence of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Derived from Bone Marrow, Subcutaneous and Visceral Fat of Young Mice","volume":"12","author":"Alessio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000001930","article-title":"Adipose-Derived Stem Cells, Obesity, and Inflammation: A Systematic Review and Implications for Osteoarthritis Treatment","volume":"101","author":"Miller","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24894","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.202423","article-title":"Obesity Induced by High-Fat Diet Is Associated with Critical Changes in Biological and Molecular Functions of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Present in Visceral Adipose Tissue","volume":"12","author":"Acar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cohen, I.C., Cohenour, E.R., Harnett, K.G., and Schuh, S.M. (2021). BPA, BPAF and TMBPF Alter Adipogenesis and Fat Accumulation in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells, with Implications for Obesity. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22105363"},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-021-00661-4","article-title":"Molecular Mechanisms of Vitamin D plus Bisphenol A Effects on Adipogenesis in Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells","volume":"13","author":"Salehpour","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetol. Metab. Syndr."},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2522","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.21660","article-title":"Obesity Modifies Bone Marrow Microenvironment and Directs Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Cells to Adipogenesis","volume":"24","author":"Citelli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2016.02.015","article-title":"Leptin Receptor Promotes Adipogenesis and Reduces Osteogenesis by Regulating Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Adult Bone Marrow","volume":"18","author":"Yue","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.4093\/dmj.2019.0175","article-title":"Adult Stem Cells: Beyond Regenerative Tool, More as a Bio-Marker in Obesity and Diabetes","volume":"43","author":"Sen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. J."},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.23594","article-title":"Fat Content in Infant Mesenchymal Stem Cells Prospectively Associates with Childhood Adiposity and Fasting Glucose","volume":"31","author":"Gyllenhammer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6291","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-85917-9","article-title":"The Therapeutic Effects of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Obesity and Its Associated Diseases in Diet-Induced Obese Mice","volume":"11","author":"Jaber","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/55.5.1227","article-title":"Graft versus Leukemia. VI. Adoptive Immunotherapy in Combination with Chemoradiotherapy for Spontaneous Leukemia-Lymphoma in AKR Mice","volume":"55","author":"Bortin","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst."}],"container-title":["Life"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1729\/13\/3\/717\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:49:15Z","timestamp":1760122155000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1729\/13\/3\/717"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]]},"references-count":179,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["life13030717"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/life13030717","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-1729"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-1729","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]]}}}