{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T14:50:50Z","timestamp":1790779850250,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]],"date-time":"2023-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Space missions with humans expose the crews to ionizing radiation, mainly due to the galactic cosmic radiation (GCR). All radiation protection programs in space aim to minimize crews\u2019 exposure to radiation. The radiation protection of astronauts can be achieved through the use of shields. The shields could serve as a suit to reduce GCR exposure and, in an emergency, as a radiation shelter to perform necessary interventions outside the space habitat in case of a solar proton event (SPE). A space radiation shielding that is suitable for exploration during space missions requires particular features and a proper knowledge of the radiation type. This study shows the results of numerical simulations performed with the Geant4 toolkit-based code DOSE. Calculations to evaluate the performance of Nomex, an aramidic fiber with high mechanical resistance, in terms of dose reduction to crews, were performed considering the interaction between protons with an energy spectrum ranging from 50 to 1100 MeV and a target slab of 20 g\/cm2. This paper shows the properties of secondary products obtained as a result of the interaction between space radiation and a Nomex target and the properties of the secondary particles that come out the shield. The results of this study show that Nomex can be considered a good shield candidate material in terms of dose reductions. We also note that the secondary particles that provide the greatest contribution to the dose are protons, neutrons and, in a very small percentage, \u03b1-particles and Li ions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life13030790","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]],"date-time":"2023-03-15T06:36:36Z","timestamp":1678862196000},"page":"790","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Radioprotection for Astronauts\u2019 Missions: Numerical Results on the Nomex Shielding Effectiveness"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3105-1030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filomena","family":"Loffredo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Biomedical Sciences Department, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), 80126 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuele","family":"Vardaci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), 80126 Napoli, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Physics \u201cE. Pancini\u201d, University of Naples Federico II, Corso Umberto I, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7894-0447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide","family":"Bianco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Italian Aerospace Research Centre (CIRA), Via Maiorise, 81043 Capua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9319-366X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Di Nitto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), 80126 Napoli, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Physics \u201cE. Pancini\u201d, University of Naples Federico II, Corso Umberto I, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0119-2393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Quarto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Biomedical Sciences Department, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), 80126 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sihver, L., Barghouty, F.Y., and Falconer, D. (2021, January 6\u201313). Space Radiation Risk Reduction through Prediction, Detection and Protection. 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