{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T14:39:43Z","timestamp":1787495983426,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,17]],"date-time":"2023-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004410","name":"Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["220S350"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["220S350"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004410","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of apocynin (APO) on hormone levels, the blood-testis barrier, and oxidative biomarkers in monosodium glutamate (MSG) induced testicular degeneration. Methods: Sprague Dawley male rats (150\u2013200 g; n = 32) were randomly distributed into four groups: control, APO, MSG, and MSG + APO. MSG and MSG + APO groups were administered MSG (120 mg\/kg) for 28 days. Moreover, the APO and MSG + APO groups received APO (25 mg\/kg) during the last five days of the experiment. All administrations were via oral gavage. Finally, biochemical analyses were performed based on the determination of testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as light and transmission electron microscopic examinations, assessment of sperm parameters, ZO-1, occludin, NOX-2, and TUNEL immunohistochemistry were evaluated. Results: MSG increased both the oxidative stress level and apoptosis, decreased cell proliferation, and caused degeneration in testis morphology including in the blood-testis barrier. Administration of apocynin reversed all the deteriorated morphological and biochemical parameters in the MSG + APO group. Conclusions: apocynin is considered to prevent testicular degeneration by maintaining the integrity of the blood-testis barrier with balanced hormone and oxidant\/antioxidant levels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life13030822","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]],"date-time":"2023-03-20T06:48:35Z","timestamp":1679294915000},"page":"822","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Apocynin Ameliorates Monosodium Glutamate Induced Testis Damage by Impaired Blood-Testis Barrier and Oxidative Stress Parameters"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Merve","family":"Acikel-Elmas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Icerenkoy Mah., Kayisdagi Cad. No. 32, Atasehir, Istanbul 34752, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9476-6239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salva Asma","family":"Algilani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Icerenkoy Mah., Kayisdagi Cad. No. 32, Atasehir, Istanbul 34752, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6243-593X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Begum","family":"Sahin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Icerenkoy Mah., Kayisdagi Cad. No. 32, Atasehir, Istanbul 34752, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ozlem","family":"Bingol Ozakpinar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Basibuyuk Yolu, 4\/A, Basibuyuk, Istanbul 34854, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mert","family":"Gecim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Basibuyuk Yolu, 4\/A, Basibuyuk, Istanbul 34854, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5384-4472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kutay","family":"Koroglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Basibuyuk Yolu No. 9 D:2, Maltepe, Istanbul 34854, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serap","family":"Arbak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Icerenkoy Mah., Kayisdagi Cad. 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