{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T16:16:17Z","timestamp":1789661777439,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":146,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,5]],"date-time":"2023-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680652800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Advancements and developments in the 3D bioprinting have been promising and have met the needs of organ transplantation. Current improvements in tissue engineering constructs have enhanced their applications in regenerative medicines and other medical fields. The synergistic effects of 3D bioprinting have brought technologies such as tissue engineering, microfluidics, integrated tissue organ printing, in vivo bioprinted tissue implants, artificial intelligence and machine learning approaches together. These have greatly impacted interventions in medical fields, such as medical implants, multi-organ-on-chip models, prosthetics, drug testing tissue constructs and much more. This technological leap has offered promising personalized solutions for patients with chronic diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders, and who have been in severe accidents. This review discussed the various standing printing methods, such as inkjet, extrusion, laser-assisted, digital light processing, and stereolithographic 3D bioprinter models, adopted for tissue constructs. Additionally, the properties of natural, synthetic, cell-laden, dECM-based, short peptides, nanocomposite and bioactive bioinks are briefly discussed. Sequels of several tissue-laden constructs such as skin, bone and cartilage, liver, kidney, smooth muscles, cardiac and neural tissues are briefly analyzed. Challenges, future perspectives and the impact of microfluidics in resolving the limitations in the field, along with 3D bioprinting, are discussed. Certainly, a technology gap still exists in the scaling up, industrialization and commercialization of this technology for the benefit of stakeholders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life13040954","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]],"date-time":"2023-04-06T02:29:58Z","timestamp":1680748198000},"page":"954","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Out of Box Thinking to Tangible Science: A Benchmark History of 3D Bio-Printing in Regenerative Medicine and Tissues Engineering"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1597-6001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karthika","family":"Pushparaj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, School of Biosciences, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore 641 043, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6938-1495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Balamuralikrishnan","family":"Balasubramanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6047-3702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manikantan","family":"Pappuswamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru 560 076, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7485-1586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vijaya","family":"Anand Arumugam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1428-0432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaliannan","family":"Durairaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection Biology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, lksan 54538, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Chao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arun","family":"Meyyazhagan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru 560 076, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7684-9719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sungkwon","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.2147\/RMHP.S270234","article-title":"Assessing Global Organ Donation Policies: Opt-In vs Opt-Out","volume":"14","author":"Etheredge","year":"2021","journal-title":"Risk Manag. 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