{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T04:15:50Z","timestamp":1791778550984,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":138,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,19]],"date-time":"2023-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Government of the Russian Federation for the state support of scientific research","award":["14.W03.31.0009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["14.W03.31.0009"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Currently, sarcoidosis remains one of the diseases with unknown etiology, which significantly complicates its diagnosis and treatment. Various causes of sarcoidosis have been studied for many years. Both organic and inorganic trigger factors, provoking the development of granulomatous inflammation are considered. However, the most promising and evidence-based hypothesis is the development of sarcoidosis as an autoimmune disease, provoked by various adjuvants in genetic predisposed individuals. This concept fits into the structure of the autoimmune\/inflammatory syndrome, induced by adjuvants (ASIA) that was proposed in 2011 by Professor Shoenfeld Y. In this paper, the authors reveal the presence of major and minor ASIA criteria for sarcoidosis, propose a new concept of the course of sarcoidosis within the framework of ASIA, and point out the difficulties in creating a model of the disease and the selection of therapy. It is obvious that the data obtained not only bring us closer to understanding the nature of sarcoidosis, but also potentiate new studies confirming this hypothesis by obtaining a model of the disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life13041047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]],"date-time":"2023-04-20T01:42:39Z","timestamp":1681954959000},"page":"1047","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Sarcoidosis and Autoimmune Inflammatory Syndrome Induced by Adjuvants"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9023-6986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Starshinova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 Saint-Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6273-4304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yulia","family":"Zinchenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint-Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, 194064 Saint-Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6008-1354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Malkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of the Mosaic of Autoimmunity, Saint-Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1878-4467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dmitriy","family":"Kudlay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Department, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Institute of Immunology, 115478 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Igor","family":"Kudryavtsev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 Saint-Petersburg, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Immunology, Institution of Experimental Medicine, 197022 Saint-Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Yablonskiy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint-Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, 194064 Saint-Petersburg, Russia"},{"name":"Laboratory of the Mosaic of Autoimmunity, Saint-Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2933","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02933","article-title":"Sarcoidosis as an Autoimmune Disease","volume":"10","author":"Starshinova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. 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