{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T07:49:20Z","timestamp":1774338560428,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]],"date-time":"2023-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health (Ricerca Corrente)","award":["RC2022-2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RC2022-2024"]}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health (Ricerca Corrente)","award":["RC2022-2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RC2022-2024"]}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health (Ricerca Corrente)","award":["DN. 1553 11.10.2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DN. 1553 11.10.2022"]}]},{"name":"IRCCS Policlinico San Martino (Genoa, Italy)","award":["RC2022-2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RC2022-2024"]}]},{"name":"IRCCS Policlinico San Martino (Genoa, Italy)","award":["RC2022-2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RC2022-2024"]}]},{"name":"IRCCS Policlinico San Martino (Genoa, Italy)","award":["DN. 1553 11.10.2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DN. 1553 11.10.2022"]}]},{"name":"#NEXTGENERATIONEU (NGEU)","award":["RC2022-2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RC2022-2024"]}]},{"name":"#NEXTGENERATIONEU (NGEU)","award":["RC2022-2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RC2022-2024"]}]},{"name":"#NEXTGENERATIONEU (NGEU)","award":["DN. 1553 11.10.2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DN. 1553 11.10.2022"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of University and Research (MUR), National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP)","award":["RC2022-2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RC2022-2024"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of University and Research (MUR), National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP)","award":["RC2022-2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RC2022-2024"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of University and Research (MUR), National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP)","award":["DN. 1553 11.10.2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DN. 1553 11.10.2022"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of University and Research (MUR), National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP)","award":["RC2022-2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RC2022-2024"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of University and Research (MUR), National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP)","award":["RC2022-2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RC2022-2024"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of University and Research (MUR), National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP)","award":["DN. 1553 11.10.2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DN. 1553 11.10.2022"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We evaluated 13 patients affected by myasthenia gravis (MG) who had coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) before vaccination and 14 myasthenic patients who contracted severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection after vaccination to evaluate factors related to different COVID-19 outcomes. We compared the two groups\u2019 previous stability of MG and the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Vaccinated and non-vaccinated patients were comparable in terms of severity of the previous MG course (mean maximum myasthenia gravis Foundation of America\u2013MGFA\u2013Class III) and during SARS-CoV-2 infection (mean MGFA Class II). In non-vaccinated patients, the hospitalization and severe course percentages were 61.5%, while the mortality reached 30.8%. The hospitalization, severe course, and mortality percentages in vaccinated patients were 7.1%. In deceased, non-vaccinated patients, greater myasthenia severity in the past clinical history, but not at the time of infection, was observed. Similarly, older age at MG onset and at the time of infection correlated with a more severe COVID-19 course in non-vaccinated patients (p = 0.03 and p = 0.04), but not in the group of vaccinated patients. In summary, our data support a protective role of vaccination in myasthenic patients, even if anti-CD20 therapy might be associated with a poor immune response to vaccines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life13041064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]],"date-time":"2023-04-21T10:11:25Z","timestamp":1682071885000},"page":"1064","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Comparing the Impact of COVID-19 on Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Patients Affected by Myasthenia Gravis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Elena","family":"Scarsi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal and Infantile Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Largo P. Daneo 3, 16132 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9938-8163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Massucco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal and Infantile Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Largo P. Daneo 3, 16132 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5008-2791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pilar M.","family":"Ferraro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arianna","family":"Cella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal and Infantile Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Largo P. Daneo 3, 16132 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefano G.","family":"Grisanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal and Infantile Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Largo P. Daneo 3, 16132 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1192-6899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Assini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, Galliera Hospital, Via Mura Delle Cappuccine 14, 16128 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Beronio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Sant\u2019Andrea Civic Hospital, Via V. Veneto 197, 19121 La Spezia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Della Cava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Imperia Hospital, Via Sant\u2019Agata 57, 18100 Imperia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1911-2726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Gemelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal and Infantile Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Largo P. Daneo 3, 16132 Genova, Italy"},{"name":"Neurology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Bandini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Villa Scassi Hospital, ASL 3 Genovese, Corso O. Scassi 1, 16149 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Serrati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Imperia Hospital, Via Sant\u2019Agata 57, 18100 Imperia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Del Sette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2604-7830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelo","family":"Schenone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal and Infantile Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Largo P. Daneo 3, 16132 Genova, Italy"},{"name":"Neurology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luana","family":"Benedetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal and Infantile Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Largo P. Daneo 3, 16132 Genova, Italy"},{"name":"Neurology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5756-0576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valeria","family":"Prada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal and Infantile Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Largo P. Daneo 3, 16132 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6637-4425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"Grandis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal and Infantile Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Largo P. Daneo 3, 16132 Genova, Italy"},{"name":"Neurology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo R. 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