{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T18:10:22Z","timestamp":1783793422635,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]],"date-time":"2023-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Morocco is known to harbor two of the world\u2019s most dangerous scorpion species: the black Androctonus mauritanicus (Am) and the yellow Buthus occitanus (Bo), responsible for 83% and 14% of severe envenomation cases, respectively. Scorpion venom is a mixture of biological molecules of variable structures and activities, most of which are proteins of low molecular weights referred to as toxins. In addition to toxins, scorpion venoms also contain biogenic amines, polyamines, and enzymes. With the aim of investigating the composition of the Am and Bo venoms, we conducted an analysis of the venoms by mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) after separation by reversed-phase HPLC chromatography. Results from a total of 19 fractions obtained for the Am venom versus 22 fractions for the Bo venom allowed the identification of approximately 410 and 252 molecular masses, respectively. In both venoms, the most abundant toxins were found to range between 2\u20135 kDa and 6\u20138 kDa. This proteomic analysis not only allowed the drawing of an extensive mass fingerprint of the Androctonus\u00a0mauritanicus and Buthus occitanus venoms but also provided a better insight into the nature of their toxins.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life13051133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,8]],"date-time":"2023-05-08T01:32:53Z","timestamp":1683509573000},"page":"1133","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Comparative Proteomic Analysis of the Venoms from the Most Dangerous Scorpions in Morocco: Androctonus mauritanicus and Buthus occitanus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5743-4174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ines","family":"Hilal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Venoms and Toxins, Pasteur Institute of Morocco, Casablanca 20360, Morocco"},{"name":"Laboratory of Biochemistry, Environment and Food Technology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Mohammedia, Mohammedia 20650, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soukaina","family":"Khourcha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Venoms and Toxins, Pasteur Institute of Morocco, Casablanca 20360, Morocco"},{"name":"Laboratory of Biochemistry, Environment and Food Technology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Mohammedia, Mohammedia 20650, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5891-5391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amal","family":"Safi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biochemistry, Environment and Food Technology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Mohammedia, Mohammedia 20650, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6822-3575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdelaziz","family":"Hmyene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biochemistry, Environment and Food Technology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Mohammedia, Mohammedia 20650, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8249-7668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Syafiq","family":"Asnawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9225-3678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iekhsan","family":"Othman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reto","family":"St\u00f6cklin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atheris Laboratories, Case Postale 314, CH-1233 Bernex, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoual","family":"Oukkache","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Venoms and Toxins, Pasteur Institute of Morocco, Casablanca 20360, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"155","article-title":"Diversity and endemism in tropical versus temperate scorpion communities","volume":"70","author":"Lourenco","year":"1994","journal-title":"C. 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