{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T15:38:34Z","timestamp":1781019514231,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,8]],"date-time":"2023-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Prior studies have shown that among patients with chronic kidney disease not yet on dialysis, the faster progression of kidney injury in men than in women is, at least partly, explained by sex differences in ambulatory blood pressure (BP) control. The present study aimed to investigate potential differences in the levels of ambulatory BP and intensity of antihypertensive treatment between men and women with end-stage kidney disease undergoing long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD). In a case-control design, 48 male PD patients were matched for age and heart failure status with 48 female patients in a 1:1 ratio. Ambulatory BP monitoring was performed with an oscillometric device, the Mobil-O-Graph (IEM, Stolberg, Germany). The BP-lowering medications actually taken by the patients were prospectively recorded. No gender-related differences were observed in 24 h systolic BP (129.0 \u00b1 17.9 vs. 128.5 \u00b1 17.6 mmHg, p = 0.890). In contrast, 24 h diastolic BP was higher in men than in women (81.5 \u00b1 12.1 vs. 76.8 \u00b1 10.3 mmHg, p = 0.042). As compared with women, men were being treated with a higher average number of antihypertensive medications daily (2.4 \u00b1 1.1 vs. 1.9 \u00b1 1.1, p = 0.019) and were more commonly receiving calcium-channel-blockers (70.8% vs. 43.8%, p = 0.007) and \u03b2-blockers (85.4% vs. 66.7%, p = 0.031). In conclusion, the present study shows that among PD patients, the levels of ambulatory BP and intensity of antihypertensive treatment are higher in men than in women. Longitudinal studies are needed to explore whether these gender-related differences in the severity of hypertension are associated with worse cardiovascular outcomes for male patients undergoing PD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life13051140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,8]],"date-time":"2023-05-08T04:04:48Z","timestamp":1683518688000},"page":"1140","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Gender-Related Differences in the Levels of Ambulatory BP and Intensity of Antihypertensive Treatment in Patients Undergoing Peritoneal Dialysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Kontogiorgos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Department of Nephrology, AHEPA Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panagiotis I.","family":"Georgianos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Department of Nephrology, AHEPA Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasilios","family":"Vaios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Department of Nephrology, AHEPA Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgia","family":"Vareta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Department of Nephrology, AHEPA Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleni","family":"Georgianou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Department of Nephrology, AHEPA Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Apostolos","family":"Karligkiotis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Department of Nephrology, AHEPA Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasiliki","family":"Sgouropoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Department of Nephrology, AHEPA Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantia","family":"Kantartzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8821-406X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pantelis E.","family":"Zebekakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Hypertension, 1st Department of Medicine, AHEPA Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7564-2724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vassilios","family":"Liakopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Department of Nephrology, AHEPA Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Georgianos, P.I., Vaios, V., Sgouropoulou, V., Eleftheriadis, T., Tsalikakis, D.G., and Liakopoulos, V. (2022). Hypertension in Dialysis Patients: Diagnostic Approaches and Evaluation of Epidemiology. Diagnostics, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12122961"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1159\/000521861","article-title":"Epidemiology of Hypertension among Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis Using Standardized Office and Ambulatory Blood Pressure Recordings","volume":"53","author":"Vareta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2019.5306","article-title":"Sex Differences in Blood Pressure Trajectories Over the Life Course","volume":"5","author":"Ji","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cuspidi, C., Gherbesi, E., Sala, C., and Tadic, M. (2022). Sex, Gender, and Subclinical Hypertensiveorgan Damage\u2014Heart. J. Hum. 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Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.37.5.1199","article-title":"Gender Differences in the Regulation of Blood Pressure","volume":"37","author":"Reckelhoff","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.06602","article-title":"Sex Differences in Hypertension: Recent Advances","volume":"68","author":"Gillis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hypertension"}],"container-title":["Life"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1729\/13\/5\/1140\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:31:10Z","timestamp":1760124670000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1729\/13\/5\/1140"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,8]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["life13051140"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/life13051140","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-1729"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-1729","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,8]]}}}