{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T00:38:36Z","timestamp":1789346316742,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":112,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]],"date-time":"2023-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cinnamon is an evergreen and tropical plant of the family Lauraceae, growing particularly in Sri Lanka, whose aqueous extract has been tested in different studies to evaluate its possible use as an anti-cancer compound. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments seem to confirm that it acts on various cellular pathways, contributing to down-regulating the activity of molecules that stimulate the proliferation and survival of cells such as the transcription factors NF-KB and AP-1, COX-2, dihydrofolate reductase and pro-angiogenic substances such as VEGF, while up-regulating the function of immune cells against tumors, such as cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. In hematological malignancies, aqueous cinnamon extract has been studied in order to understand if it is possible to count on its help, alone or in combination with traditional drugs such as doxorubicin, to treat patients. The aim of our work is to investigate results from in vitro and in vivo studies about the possible anti-cancer effect of aqueous cinnamon extract in hematological malignancies and the different pathways involved in its action. The possibility of using cinnamon extract in clinical practice is discussed; even if its use could appear very interesting, more studies are necessary to clear the real potentiality of this substance in cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life13051176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]],"date-time":"2023-05-12T09:26:13Z","timestamp":1683883573000},"page":"1176","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["The Anti-Cancer Effect of Cinnamon Aqueous Extract: A Focus on Hematological Malignancies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0698-1781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Santino","family":"Caserta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood \u201cGaetano Barresi\u201d, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2202-468X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Genovese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Council, Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems in the Mediterranean, Via Empedocle 58, 95128 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8055-1915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Cicero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastiano","family":"Gangemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6156-8239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Allegra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood \u201cGaetano Barresi\u201d, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kwon, H.-K., Hwang, J.-S., So, J.-S., Lee, C.-G., Sahoo, A., Ryu, J.-H., Jeon, W.K., Ko, B.S., Im, C.-R., and Lee, S.H. (2010). Cinnamon extract induces tumor cell death through inhibition of NF\u03baB and AP1. BMC Cancer, 10.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-10-392"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.4149\/BLL_2015_026","article-title":"Zeylanicum aqueous extract induced apoptosis in the human myelocytic leukemia cell line (THP-1)","volume":"116","author":"Assadollahi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bratisl. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abeysekera, W.P.K.M., Premakumara, G.A.S., and Ratnasooriya, W.D. (2022). Anti-inflammatory, cytotoxicity and antilipidemic properties: Novel bioactivities of true cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume) leaf. BMC Complement. Med. Ther., 22.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-022-03728-5"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3215","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.12.3215","article-title":"Cinnamon improves glucose and lipids of people with type 2 diabetes","volume":"26","author":"Khan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2007.08.033","article-title":"Cinnamaldehyde suppresses toll-like receptor 4 activation mediated through the inhibition of receptor oligomerization","volume":"75","author":"Youn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918479","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.918479","article-title":"Cinnamomum zeylanicum extract and its bioactive component cinnamaldehyde show anti-tumor effects via inhibition of multiple cellular pathways","volume":"13","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51768","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-022-19529-9","article-title":"Evaluating the efficacy of an innovative herbal formulation (HF6) on different human cancer cell lines","volume":"29","author":"Alsayadi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2012.03718.x","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of \u2018true\u2019 cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) as a pharmaceutical agent in diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"Ranasinghe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabet. Med."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"(2023, February 18). Clinical Trials about the Use of Cinnamon Extract in Cancer, Available online: clinicaltrials.gov."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maiuolo, J., Gliozzi, M., Carresi, C., Musolino, V., Oppedisano, F., Scarano, F., Nucera, S., Scicchitano, M., Bosco, F., and Macri, R. (2021). Nutraceuticals and Cancer: Potential for Natural Polyphenols. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13113834"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582719","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.582719","article-title":"Targets and mechanism used by cinnamaldehyde, the main active ingredient in cinnamon, in the treatment of breast cancer","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C577","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00264.2020","article-title":"Breast cancer-associated skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction and lipid accumulation is reversed by PPARG","volume":"320","author":"Wilson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1007\/s10555-017-9697-6","article-title":"Proteasome-associated deubiquitinases and cancer","volume":"36","author":"Mofers","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Metastasis Rev."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Allegra, A., Di Gioacchino, M., Tonacci, A., Petrarca, C., Musolino, C., and Gangemi, S. (2021). Multiple myeloma cell-derived exosomes: Implications on tumorigenesis, diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic strategies. Cells, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10112865"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.1735","article-title":"Procyanidin-B2 enriched fraction of cinnamon acts as a proteasome inhibitor and anti-proliferative agent in human prostate cancer cells","volume":"70","author":"Gopalakrishnan","year":"2018","journal-title":"IUBMB Life"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-5890(02)00252-3","article-title":"The Bcl-2 protein family: Sensors and checkpoints for life-or-death decisions","volume":"39","author":"Borner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2401","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1204389","article-title":"AP-1 in mouse development and tumorigenesis","volume":"20","author":"Jochum","year":"2001","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2009.01.015","article-title":"Cinnamon extract suppresses tumor progression by modulating angiogenesis and the effector function of CD8+ T cells","volume":"278","author":"Kwon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3075","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-17-3024","article-title":"Cotargeting BCL-2 and PI3K induces BAX-Dependent mitochondrial apoptosis in AML cells","volume":"78","author":"Rahmani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-017-0115-3","article-title":"BIM and NOXA are mitochondrial effectors of TAF6\u03b4-driven apoptosis","volume":"9","author":"Delannoy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1007\/s12017-022-08703-4","article-title":"Bim deletion reduces functional deficits following ischemic stroke in association with modulation of apoptosis and inflammation","volume":"24","author":"Glab","year":"2022","journal-title":"NeuroMolecular Med."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"8644356","article-title":"Effects and mechanism of oxymatrine combined with compound Yinchen granules on the apoptosis of hepatocytes through the Akt\/FoxO3a\/Bim pathway","volume":"2022","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"BioMed. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e108587","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.2021108587","article-title":"DRP1 interacts directly with BAX to induce its activation and apoptosis","volume":"41","author":"Jenner","year":"2022","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2021.11.001","article-title":"Physiological and pharmacological modulation of BAX","volume":"43","author":"Spitz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Toruno, C., Carbonneau, S., Stewart, R.A., and Jette, C. (2014). Interdependence of bad and puma during ionizing-radiation-induced apoptosis. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0088151"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2021.12029","article-title":"ASMq protects against early burn wound progression in rats by alleviating oxidative stress and secondary mitochondria-associated apoptosis via the Erk\/p90RSK\/Bad pathway","volume":"23","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2071-9","article-title":"Gasdermin E suppresses tumour growth by activating anti-tumour immunity","volume":"579","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-020-0758-6","article-title":"The NK cell granule protein NKG7 regulates cytotoxic granule exocytosis and inflammation","volume":"21","author":"Ng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2120","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02120","article-title":"Altered cell adhesion and glycosylation promote cancer immune suppression and metastasis","volume":"10","author":"Borsig","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2007.08.014","article-title":"Granzyme B and perforin are important for Regulatory T cell-mediated suppression of tumor clearance","volume":"27","author":"Cao","year":"2007","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-20604-3","article-title":"Granzyme B inhibition reduces disease severity in autoimmune blistering diseases","volume":"12","author":"Hiroyasu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587581","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.587581","article-title":"Granzyme B in Inflammatory Diseases: Apoptosis, Inflammation, Extracellular Matrix Remodeling, Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Fibrosis","volume":"11","author":"Velotti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Allegra, A., Tonacci, A., Pioggia, G., Musolino, C., and Gangemi, S. (2020). Anticancer activity of Rosmarinus officinalis L.: Mechanisms of Action and therapeutic potentials. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12061739"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabo0686","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abo0686","article-title":"Granzyme K+CD8 T cells form a core population in inflamed human tissue","volume":"14","author":"Jonsson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586470","DOI":"10.1093\/ecam\/nen056","article-title":"Hypericum triquetrifolium\u2014Derived factors downregulate the production levels of LPS-induced nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1in THP-1 cells","volume":"2011","author":"Saad","year":"2011","journal-title":"Evid.-Based Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prp.2020.153114","article-title":"Immune checkpoint inhibitors in multiple myeloma: A review of the literature","volume":"216","author":"Caserta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pathol.\u2014Res. Pract."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.4103\/aam.aam_56_18","article-title":"Inflammation and cancer","volume":"18","author":"Singh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Afr. Med."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01322","article-title":"Inflammation and cancer","volume":"420","author":"Coussens","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/s12199-018-0740-1","article-title":"Inflammation and cancer","volume":"23","author":"Murata","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Health Prev. Med."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e493","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(14)70263-3","article-title":"Cancer-related inflammation and treatment effectiveness","volume":"15","author":"Diakos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"199","article-title":"Interplay between inflammation and cancer","volume":"119","author":"Khandia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rep. Pract. Oncol. Radiother."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0701735","article-title":"A comparison of the effects ofL-NAME, 7-NI andL-NIL on carrageenan-induced hindpaw oedema and NOS activity","volume":"123","author":"Handy","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"2716","article-title":"A Novel Cinnamon-Related Natural Product with Pim-1 Inhibitory Activity Inhibits Leukemia and Skin Cancer","volume":"75","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1096502","article-title":"High Frequency of Mutations of the PIK3CA Gene in Human Cancers","volume":"304","author":"Samuels","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3636","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.8.3636","article-title":"Amplification of AKT2 in human pancreatic cancer cells and inhibition of ATK2 expression and tumorigenicity by antisense RNA","volume":"93","author":"Cheng","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2744(199802)21:2<81::AID-MC1>3.0.CO;2-R","article-title":"Amplification and overexpression of the AKT2 oncogene in a subset of human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas","volume":"21","author":"Ruggeri","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mol. Carcinog."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"1602","article-title":"PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR signaling pathway in cancer stem cells: From basic research to clinical application","volume":"5","author":"Xia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.4103\/jcrt.JCRT_862_16","article-title":"Oxidative stress and its role in cancer","volume":"17","author":"Jelic","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cancer Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2010.09.006","article-title":"Oxidative stress, inflammation, and cancer: How are they linked?","volume":"49","author":"Reuter","year":"2010","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4771","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612825666190215121712","article-title":"Oxidative Stress and Cancer","volume":"24","author":"Klaunig","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44879","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.9821","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in aging and cancer","volume":"7","author":"Kudryavtseva","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.2174\/1568009617666171002144228","article-title":"Oxidative Stress and Cancer: The Role of Nrf2","volume":"18","author":"Sajadimajd","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Cancer Drug Targets"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2012.10.004","article-title":"Oxidative stress and cancer: An overview","volume":"12","author":"Sosa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2017.11.002","article-title":"Oxidative stress and dietary phytochemicals: Role in cancer chemoprevention and treatment","volume":"413","author":"Chikara","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"108365","article-title":"Relationships among smoking, oxidative stress, inflammation, macromolecular damage, and cancer","volume":"787","author":"Caliri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mutat. Res. Mol. Mech. Mutagen."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.4103\/2277-9175.108001","article-title":"The effect of aqueous cinnamon extract on the apoptotic process in acute myeloid leukemia HL-60 cells","volume":"2","author":"Dashti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv. Biomed. Res."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alesci, A., Nicosia, N., Fumia, A., Giorgianni, F., Santini, A., and Cicero, N. (2022). Resveratrol and immune cells: A link to improve human health. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27020424"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Murdaca, G., Greco, M., Tonacci, A., Negrini, S., Borro, M., Puppo, F., and Gangemi, S. (2019). IL-33\/IL-31 axis in immune-mediated and allergic diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20235856"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3624094","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/3624094","article-title":"Clinical pharmacology of Citrus aurantium and Citrus sinensis for the treatment of anxiety","volume":"2018","author":"Mannucci","year":"2018","journal-title":"Evid.-Based Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Innao, V., Allegra, A., Ginaldi, L., Pioggia, G., De Martinis, M., Musolino, C., and Gangemi, S. (2021). Reviewing the significance of vitamin D substitution in monoclonal gammopathies. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22094922"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferlazzo, N., Cirmi, S., Calapai, G., Ventura-Spagnolo, E., Gangemi, S., and Navarra, M. (2016). Anti-inflammatory activity of citrus bergamia derivatives: Where do we stand?. Molecules, 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules21101273"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di Salvo, E., Casciaro, M., Giorgianni, C.M., Cicero, N., and Gangemi, S. (2023). Age-related diseases and foods generating chlorinative stress. Antioxidants, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12020249"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vitalini, S., Nalbone, L., Bernardi, C., Iriti, M., Costa, R., Cicero, N., Giarratana, F., and Vallone, L. (2022). Ginger and parsley essential oils: Chemical composition, antimicrobial activity, and evaluation of their application in cheese preservation. Nat. Prod. Res., 1\u20136.","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2022.2125965"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Allegra, A., Cicero, N., Mirabile, G., Cancemi, G., Tonacci, A., Musolino, C., and Gangemi, S. (2022). Critical role of aquaporins in cancer: Focus on hematological malignancies. Cancers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14174182"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2022.2067852","article-title":"Natural products and oxidative stress: Potential agents against multiple myeloma","volume":"37","author":"Cicero","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cicero, N., Gervasi, T., Durazzo, A., Lucarini, M., Macr\u00ec, A., Nava, V., Giarratana, F., Tardugno, R., Vadal\u00e0, R., and Santini, A. (2022). Mineral and microbiological analysis of spices and aromatic herbs. Foods, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11040548"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cirmi, S., Ferlazzo, N., Lombardo, G.E., Ventura-Spagnolo, E., Gangemi, S., Calapai, G., and Navarra, M. (2016). Neurodegenerative Diseases: Might citrus flavonoids play a protective role?. Molecules, 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules21101312"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Contino, M., Leonardi, C., Genovese, C., Scalisi, E.M., Pecoraro, R., Ignoto, S., Failla, C., Ferruggia, G., Salvaggio, A., and Asero, P. (2022). Antioxidant activity of two Opuntia Mill. species fruit extracts on human sperm quality after a freeze-thaw cycle. Nat. Prod. Res., 1\u20137.","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2022.2124984"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arlotta, C., Toscano, V., Genovese, C., Calderaro, P., Puglia, G.D., and Raccuia, S.A. (2022). Nutraceutical content and genetic diversity share a common pattern in new pomegranate genotypes. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27020389"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tibullo, D., Caporarello, N., Giallongo, C., Anfuso, C.D., Genovese, C., Arlotta, C., Puglisi, F., Parrinello, N.L., Bramanti, V., and Romano, A. (2016). Antiproliferative and Antiangiogenic Effects of Punica granatum Juice (PGJ) in Multiple Myeloma (MM). Nutrients, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8100611"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Allegra, A., Petrarca, C., Di Gioacchino, M., Casciaro, M., Musolino, C., and Gangemi, S. (2022). Modulation of cellular redox parameters for improving therapeutic responses in multiple myeloma. Antioxidants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11030455"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s12948-021-00148-7","article-title":"IL-31, itch and hematological malignancies","volume":"19","author":"Allegra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Mol. Allergy"},{"key":"ref_73","first-page":"3858032","article-title":"IL-33\/IL-31 Axis: A potential inflammatory pathway","volume":"2018","author":"Casciaro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Borgia, F., Custurone, P., Pomi, F.L., Cordiano, R., Alessandrello, C., and Gangemi, S. (2022). IL-31: State of the art for an inflammation-oriented interleukin. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23126507"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12133","DOI":"10.1002\/clt2.12133","article-title":"AllergoOncology: Role of immune cells and immune proteins","volume":"12","author":"Allegra","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Allergy"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s12948-021-00157-6","article-title":"IL-33 genetics and epigenetics in immune-related diseases","volume":"19","author":"Casciaro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Mol. Allergy"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4238\/gmr.15037662","article-title":"Cinnamon effectively inhibits the activity of leukemia stem cells","volume":"15","author":"Guan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genet. Mol. Res."},{"key":"ref_78","first-page":"38","article-title":"Acute myeloid leukemia: A review","volume":"103","author":"Pelcovits","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rhode Isl. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Allegra, A., Spatari, G., Mattioli, S., Curti, S., Innao, V., Ettari, R., Allegra, A.G., Giorgianni, C., Gangemi, S., and Musolino, C. (2019). Formaldehyde exposure and acute myeloid leukemia: A review of the literature. Medicina, 55.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina55100638"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2004.12.039","article-title":"Water-soluble polymeric polyphenols from cinnamon inhibit proliferation and alter cell cycle distribution patterns of hematologic tumor cell lines","volume":"230","author":"Schoene","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2007.02.031","article-title":"A comparison of chemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial studies of cinnamon leaf and bark volatile oils, oleoresins and their constituents","volume":"45","author":"Singh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6495","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-022-07478-y","article-title":"Combined efficacy of Cinnamomum zeylanicum and doxorubicin against leukemia through regulation of TRAIL and NF-kappa B pathways in rat model","volume":"49","author":"Bukhari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3267","DOI":"10.2174\/092986709788803312","article-title":"Doxorubicin: The good, the bad and the ugly effect","volume":"16","author":"Carvalho","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1111\/jmi.12133","article-title":"Cell-death assessment by fluorescent and nonfluorescent cytosolic and nuclear staining techniques","volume":"255","author":"Atale","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Microsc."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28.6.1","DOI":"10.1002\/0471142727.mb2806s111","article-title":"Assaying cell cycle status using flow cytometry","volume":"111","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_86","first-page":"548","article-title":"Photocaged hoechst enables subnuclear visualization and cell selective staining of DNA in vivo","volume":"22","author":"Varady","year":"2020","journal-title":"ChemBioChem"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cooper, J., Um, I.H., Arandjelovi\u0107, O., and Harrison, D.J. (2022). Lymphocyte classification from hoechst stained slides with deep learning. Cancers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14235957"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8497","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms9497","article-title":"SiR\u2013Hoechst is a far-red DNA stain for live-cell nanoscopy","volume":"6","author":"Blaukopf","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s11912-021-01060-8","article-title":"Erythroleukemia: An Update","volume":"23","author":"Weinberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3959","DOI":"10.31557\/APJCP.2021.22.12.3959","article-title":"Thymoquinone induces downregulation of BCR-ABL\/JAK\/STAT pathway and apoptosis in K562 leukemia cells","volume":"22","author":"Taib","year":"2021","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tian, Z., Yang, L., Huang, M., Sun, C., Chen, M., Zhao, W., Peng, J., and Guo, G. (2022). Antitumor activity and mechanism of action of the antimicrobial peptide AMP-17 on human leukemia K562 cells. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27228109"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, C.-H., Yang, S.-Q., Li, L., Xin, Y., Zhang, F., Liu, X.-F., and Yi, Z.-C. (2022). Identification of potential pathways and microRNA-mRNA networks associated with benzene metabolite hydroquinone-induced hematotoxicity in human leukemia K562 cells. BMC Pharmacol. Toxicol., 23.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40360-022-00556-8"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.5858\/2009-0350-RA.1","article-title":"Acute erythroid leukemia","volume":"134","author":"Zuo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-5378.2000.00014.x","article-title":"Controlled trial of the effect of cinnamon extract on Helicobacter pylori","volume":"5","author":"Nir","year":"2000","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8181","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v19.i45.8181","article-title":"Helicobacter pyloriand gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma: Recent progress in pathogenesis and management","volume":"19","author":"Nakamura","year":"2013","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4629","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v25.i32.4629","article-title":"Review of current diagnostic methods and advances in Helicobacter pylori diagnostics in the era of next generation sequencing","volume":"25","author":"Pohl","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2082","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-12-624304","article-title":"The spectrum of MALT lymphoma at different sites: Biological and therapeutic relevance","volume":"127","author":"Zucca","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5283","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i18.5283","article-title":"Treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection: Current status and future concepts","volume":"20","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5578","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v25.i37.5578","article-title":"Pathogenesis and clinical management of Helicobacter pylori gastric infection","volume":"25","author":"Soares","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2099","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.22233","article-title":"Acute myeloid leukemia: Epidemiology and etiology","volume":"107","author":"Deschler","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e519","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2018.193151","article-title":"Reducing mortality in newly diagnosed standard-risk acute promyelocytic leukemia in elderly patients treated with arsenic trioxide requires major reduction of chemotherapy: A report by the French Belgian Swiss APL group (APL 2006 trial)","volume":"103","author":"Thomas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgo.2015.10.182","article-title":"Comorbidity, age, and mortality among adults treated intensively for acute myeloid leukemia (AML)","volume":"7","author":"Tawfik","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Geriatr. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2474","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.34221","article-title":"Mortality among patients with low-grade follicular lymphoma: A binational retrospective analysis","volume":"128","author":"Hujo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4801","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.1572","article-title":"Long-term risk of cardiovascular mortality in lymphoma survivors: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Boyne","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Med."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1586\/ehm.13.21","article-title":"Oxidative stress in oncohematologic diseases: An update","volume":"6","author":"Imbesi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-021-03614-x","article-title":"Regulated cell death pathways in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity","volume":"12","author":"Christidi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_107","first-page":"e132747","article-title":"Mitochondria-dependent ferroptosis plays a pivotal role in doxorubicin cardiotoxicity","volume":"5","author":"Tadokoro","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yahfoufi, N., Alsadi, N., Jambi, M., and Matar, C. (2018). The immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory role of polyphenols. Nutrients, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10111618"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05933","article-title":"A transforming mutation in the pleckstrin homology domain of AKT1 in cancer","volume":"448","author":"Carpten","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0603-677","article-title":"Regulation of angiogenesis by hypoxia: Role of the HIF system","volume":"9","author":"Pugh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc1187","article-title":"Targeting HIF-1 for cancer therapy","volume":"3","author":"Semenza","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-022-02522-y","article-title":"Targeting hypoxia in solid and haematological malignancies","volume":"41","author":"Harris","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res."}],"container-title":["Life"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1729\/13\/5\/1176\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:33:54Z","timestamp":1760124834000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1729\/13\/5\/1176"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]]},"references-count":112,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["life13051176"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/life13051176","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-1729"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-1729","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]]}}}