{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T08:22:01Z","timestamp":1778228521260,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,13]],"date-time":"2023-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Adiponectin is a protein hormone that is produced and secreted primarily by adipose tissue. The levels of adiponectin in those with eating disorders, obesity, and healthy controls have been extensively studied. However, the general picture of the differences in adiponectin levels across the mentioned conditions is still unclear and fragmented. In this study, we pooled previous studies and performed a network meta-analysis to gain a global picture of comparisons of adiponectin levels across eating disorders, obesity, constitutional thinness, and healthy controls. Electronic databases were searched for anorexia nervosa, avoidant restrictive food intake disorder, binge-eating disorder, bulimia nervosa, healthy controls, night eating syndrome, obesity, and constitutional thinness in studies where adiponectin levels were measured. A total of 4262 participants from 50 published studies were included in the network meta-analysis. Adiponectin levels were significantly higher in participants with anorexia nervosa than in healthy controls (Hedges\u2019 g = 0.701, p &lt; 0.001). However, adiponectin levels in constitutionally thin participants were not significantly different from those of healthy controls (Hedges\u2019 g = 0.470, p = 0.187). Obesity and binge-eating disorder were associated with significantly lower adiponectin levels compared to those of healthy controls (Hedges\u2019 g = \u22120.852, p &lt; 0.001 and Hedges\u2019 g = \u22120.756, p = 0.024, respectively). The disorders characterized by excessive increases or decreases in BMI were associated with significant changes in adiponectin levels. These results suggest that adiponectin may be an important marker of severely disequilibrated homeostasis, especially in fat, glucose, and bone metabolisms. Nonetheless, an increase in adiponectin may not simply be associated with a decrease in BMI, as constitutional thinness is not associated with a significant increase in adiponectin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life13051181","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,15]],"date-time":"2023-05-15T08:28:16Z","timestamp":1684139296000},"page":"1181","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Comparison of Adiponectin Levels in Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, Binge-Eating Disorder, Obesity, Constitutional Thinness, and Healthy Controls: A Network Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1593-2180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Umit","family":"Tural","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Division, The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Allison","family":"Sparpana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Division, The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA"},{"name":"Psychiatry Department, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Division, The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA"},{"name":"Psychiatry Department, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dan V.","family":"Iosifescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Division, The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA"},{"name":"Psychiatry Department, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Deloitte Access Economics (2020). The Social and Economic Cost of Eating Disorders in the United States of America: A Report for the Strategic Training Initiative for the Prevention of Eating Disorders and the Academy for Eating Disorders, Deloitte Access Economics."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Stierman, B., Joseph, A., Margaret, C., Chen, T.-C., Davy, O., Steven, F., and Cheryl, F. (2021). NHSR 158. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017\u2013March 2020 Pre-Pandemic Data Files-Development of Files and Prevalence Estimates for Selected Health Outcomes, National Health Statistics Report."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1999.0255","article-title":"Paradoxical Decrease of an Adipose-Specific Protein, Adiponectin, in Obesity","volume":"257","author":"Arita","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2007.53","article-title":"Effects of Exercise on Adiponectin: A Systematic Review","volume":"16","author":"Simpson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2767","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000042707.50032.19","article-title":"Adiponectin Reduces Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice","volume":"106","author":"Okamoto","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1220-5","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00397.2004","article-title":"Adiponectin Inhibits LPS-Induced NF-KappaB Activation and IL-6 Production and Increases PPARgamma2 Expression in Adipocytes","volume":"288","author":"Ajuwon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.20.6.1595","article-title":"Plasma Concentrations of a Novel, Adipose-Specific Protein, Adiponectin, in Type 2 Diabetic Patients","volume":"20","author":"Hotta","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(03)01525-4","article-title":"Growth Hormone Is a Positive Regulator of Adiponectin Receptor 2 in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes","volume":"558","author":"Fasshauer","year":"2004","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1038\/90984","article-title":"The Fat-Derived Hormone Adiponectin Reverses Insulin Resistance Associated with Both Lipoatrophy and Obesity","volume":"7","author":"Yamauchi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1038\/nm788","article-title":"Adiponectin Stimulates Glucose Utilization and Fatty-Acid Oxidation by Activating AMP-Activated Protein Kinase","volume":"8","author":"Yamauchi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2473","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.100.25.2473","article-title":"Novel Modulator for Endothelial Adhesion Molecules: Adipocyte-Derived Plasma Protein Adiponectin","volume":"100","author":"Ouchi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-2024","article-title":"Low Adiponectin Levels Are Associated with Atherogenic Dyslipidemia and Lipid-Rich Plaque in Nondiabetic Coronary Arteries","volume":"31","author":"Marso","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"46","article-title":"Blood Pressure, Dyslipidemia and Inflammatory Factors Are Related to Body Mass Index in Scholar Adolescents","volume":"13","author":"Bouchouicha","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.104485","article-title":"Adipokines in Anorexia Nervosa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"112","author":"Karageorgiou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.23753","article-title":"Adiponectin in Anorexia Nervosa and Its Modifiers: A Meta-regression Study","volume":"55","author":"Tural","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Eat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1007\/s12263-014-0449-8","article-title":"Role of Genetic Variants in ADIPOQ in Human Eating Behavior","volume":"10","author":"Rohde","year":"2015","journal-title":"Genes Nutr."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03350816","article-title":"Glucose Metabolism during Ghrelin Infusion in Patients with Anorexia Nervosa","volume":"30","author":"Miljic","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol. Investig."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1833","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-031260","article-title":"Adiponectin in Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa","volume":"89","author":"Tagami","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2011.04139.x","article-title":"Hyperinsulinemia Acutely Increases Serum Macrophage Inhibitory Cytokine-1 Concentration in Anorexia Nervosa and Obesity","volume":"76","author":"Kowalska","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lejawa, M., Osadnik, K., Czuba, Z., Osadnik, T., and Pawlas, N. (2021). Association of Metabolically Healthy and Unhealthy Obesity Phenotype with Markers Related to Obesity, Diabetes among Young, Healthy Adult Men. Analysis of MAGNETIC Study. Life, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/life11121350"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mariani, S., Di Giorgio, M.R., Rossi, E., Tozzi, R., Contini, S., Bauleo, L., Cipriani, F., Toscano, R., Basciani, S., and Barbaro, G. (2020). Blood SIRT1 Shows a Coherent Association with Leptin and Adiponectin in Relation to the Degree and Distribution of Adiposity: A Study in Obesity, Normal Weight and Anorexia Nervosa. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12113506"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2007.08.005","article-title":"Plasma Obestatin Concentrations Are Negatively Correlated with Body Mass Index, Insulin Resistance Index, and Plasma Leptin Concentrations in Obesity and An-orexia Nervosa","volume":"64","author":"Nakahara","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1779","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.52.7.1779","article-title":"Adiponectin Expression from Human Adipose Tissue: Relation to Obesity, Insulin Resistance, and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Expression","volume":"52","author":"Kern","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2013.02.005","article-title":"Plasma Klotho Levels Decrease in Both Anorexia Nervosa and Obesity","volume":"29","author":"Amitani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, R., Song, C., Li, T., Yu, C., Yao, T., Gao, H., Cao, S., Yi, X., and Chang, B. (2022). A Cross-Sectional Comparative Study on the Effects of Body Mass Index and Exercise\/Sedentary on Serum Asprosin in Male College Students. PLoS ONE, 17.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0265645"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2968","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.51.10.2968","article-title":"The Effect of Thiazolidinediones on Plasma Adiponectin Levels in Normal, Obese, and Type 2 Diabetic Subjects","volume":"51","author":"Yu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.5603\/EP.a2018.0026","article-title":"Adiponectin Expression in Visceral Adiposity Is an Important Determinant of Insulin Resistance in Morbid Obesity","volume":"69","author":"Sirbu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endokrynol. Pol."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"100257","article-title":"Relationships between Plasma Apelin and Adiponectin with Normal Weight Obesity, Body Composition, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Working Adults","volume":"24","author":"Bellissimo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Transl. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5876","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-0281","article-title":"Association between Circulating Adiponectin and Interleukin-10 Levels in Android Obesity: Effects of Weight Loss","volume":"90","author":"Manigrasso","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2485","article-title":"Differences in Cortisol Awakening Response between Binge-Purging and Restrictive Patients with Anorexia Nervosa","volume":"25","author":"Monteleone","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Eat. Disord. Rev."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2016.09.006","article-title":"Elevated Total Plasma-Adiponectin Is Stable over Time in Young Women with Bulimia Nervosa","volume":"41","author":"Syk","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-1364","article-title":"Serum Adiponectin and Resistin Concentrations in Patients with Restrictive and Binge\/Purge Form of Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa","volume":"90","author":"Housova","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-016-1583-7","article-title":"Network Meta-Analysis: An Introduction for Clinicians","volume":"12","author":"Rouse","year":"2017","journal-title":"Intern. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2009.06.005","article-title":"Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement","volume":"62","author":"Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wan, X., Wang, W., Liu, J., and Tong, T. (2014). Estimating the Sample Mean and Standard Deviation from the Sample Size, Median, Range and\/or Interquartile Range. BMC Med. Res. Methodol., 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-14-135"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1177\/1536867X1501500403","article-title":"Network Meta-Analysis","volume":"15","author":"White","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stata J. Promot. Commun. Stat. Stata"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v106.i02","article-title":"netmeta: An R Package for Network Meta-Analysis Using Frequentist Methods","volume":"106","author":"Balduzzi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Stat. Softw."},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"StataCorp (2015). Stata Statistical Software: Release 14, StataCorp."},{"key":"ref_39","unstructured":"R Core Team (2021). R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, R Core Team."},{"key":"ref_40","unstructured":"Higgins, J.P.T., and Green, S. (2011). Assessing Risk of Bias in Included Studies, The Cochrane Collaboration. Version 5."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.5603\/EP.2014.0005","article-title":"Bone Metabolism, Osteoprotegerin, Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-\u039aB Ligand and Selected Adipose Tissue Hormones in Girls with Anorexia Nervosa","volume":"65","author":"Ostrowska","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endokrynol. Pol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2010.02.064","article-title":"Relationships between Serum Adiponectin, Leptin Concentrations and Bone Mineral Density, and Bone Biochemical Markers in Chinese Women","volume":"411","author":"Wu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2017.11.006","article-title":"Adipose Tissue and Reproductive Health","volume":"86","author":"Mathew","year":"2018","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"190","article-title":"Relationship between Serumomentin-1 Level and Bonemineral Density in Girls with Anorexia Nervosa","volume":"36","author":"Guo","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol. Investig."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1843","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-1683","article-title":"Modulation of Adiponectin and Leptin during Refeeding of Female Anorexia Nervosa Patients","volume":"92","author":"Stein","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1080\/15622975.2018.1492735","article-title":"Adiponectin and Resistin in Acutely Ill and Weight-Recovered Adolescent Anorexia Nervosa: Association with Psychiatric Symptoms","volume":"20","author":"Slopien","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2013.11.006","article-title":"Adipokines: A Link between Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"63","author":"Nakamura","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13467","article-title":"Disordered Eating and Obesity: Associations between Binge-Eating Disorder, Night-Eating Syndrome, and Weight-Related Comorbidities","volume":"1411","author":"Ruggieri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.03.040","article-title":"The Prevalence and Correlates of Eating Disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication","volume":"61","author":"Hudson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2006.00614.x","article-title":"Adiponectin Receptors Gene Expression in Lymphocytes of Obese and Anorexic Patients","volume":"9","author":"Alberti","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2012.07.011","article-title":"The Role of Adiponectin Multimers in Anorexia Nervosa","volume":"29","author":"Amitani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03347427","article-title":"The Correlation between Adiposity and Adiponectin, Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha, Interleukin-6 and High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Levels. Is Adipocyte Size Associated with Inflammation in Adults?","volume":"30","author":"Bahceci","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol. Investig."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.5603\/EP.a2017.0035","article-title":"Adipokine Profile in Patients with Anorexia Nervosa","volume":"68","author":"Baranowska","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endokrynol. Pol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-005-0533-3","article-title":"Determinants of Plasma Adiponectin Levels in Patients with Anorexia Nervosa Examined before and after Weight Gain","volume":"44","author":"Brabant","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buckert, M., Stroe-Kunold, E., Friederich, H.-C., Wesche, D., Walter, C., Kopf, S., Simon, J.J., Herzog, W., and Wild, B. (2017). Time Course of Adiponectin and Its Relationship to Psychological Aspects in Patients with Anorexia Nervosa during Inpatient Treatment. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0189500"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2003.01702.x","article-title":"Hyperadiponectinaemia in Anorexia Nervosa","volume":"58","author":"Delporte","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2007.02944.x","article-title":"Changes of Endocrine Function of Adipose Tissue in Anorexia Nervosa: Comparison of Circulating Levels versus Subcutaneous MRNA Expression","volume":"67","author":"Dolezalova","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_58","first-page":"562","article-title":"[Polymorphisms of adiponectin and resistin genes in patients with obesity and anorexia nervosa]","volume":"145","author":"Dolinkova","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cas. Lek. Cesk."},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"587","article-title":"Increased Insulin Sensitivity in Patients with Anorexia Nervosa: The Role of Adipocytokines","volume":"56","author":"Smitka","year":"2007","journal-title":"Physiol. Res."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3627","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-0746","article-title":"Plasma Concentrations of Fibroblast Growth Factors 19 and 21 in Patients with Anorexia Nervosa","volume":"93","author":"Dostalova","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.endinu.2019.02.003","article-title":"Adipokines, Cortisol and Cytokine Alterations in Recent Onset Anorexia Nervosa. A Case\u2013Control Study","volume":"66","author":"Elegido","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocrinol. Diabetes y Nutr."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.4274\/jcrpe.galenos.2021.2021-11-1","article-title":"Low C1q Complement\/TNF-Related Protein-13 Levels Are Related with Childhood Obesity but Not Binge Eating Disorder","volume":"14","author":"Turan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Res. Pediatr. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.931575","article-title":"Serum Concentrations of Adipocyte Fatty Acid Binding Protein in Patients with Anorexia Nervosa","volume":"58","author":"Haluzikova","year":"2009","journal-title":"Physiol. Res."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orcp.2007.03.003","article-title":"Metabolic Dysfunction in Anorexia Nervosa","volume":"1","author":"Heilbronn","year":"2007","journal-title":"Obes. Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2003-42655","article-title":"Plasma Adiponectin Levels in Women with Anorexia Nervosa","volume":"35","author":"Iwahashi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Horm. Metab. Res."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garella, R., Cassioli, E., Chellini, F., Tani, A., Rossi, E., Idrizaj, E., Guasti, D., Comeglio, P., Palmieri, F., and Parigi, M. (2023). Defining the Molecular Mechanisms of the Relaxant Action of Adiponectin on Murine Gastric Fundus Smooth Muscle: Potential Translational Perspectives on Eating Disorder Management. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24021082"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.931195","article-title":"Adiponectin and Resistin Gene Polymorphisms in Patients with Anorexia Nervosa and Obesity and Its Influence on Metabolic Phenotype","volume":"57","author":"Krizova","year":"2008","journal-title":"Physiol. Res."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-019-02102-9","article-title":"Postprandial Leptin and Adiponectin in Response to Sugar and Fat in Obese and Normal Weight Individuals","volume":"66","author":"Larsen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-015-3223-x","article-title":"Evidence of a Link between Resting Energy Expenditure and Bone Remodelling, Glucose Homeostasis and Adipokine Variations in Adolescent Girls with Anorexia Nervosa","volume":"27","author":"Maimoun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Int."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3486","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-032251","article-title":"Hormonal and Body Composition Predictors of Soluble Leptin Receptor, Leptin, and Free Leptin Index in Adolescent Girls with Anorexia Nervosa and Controls and Relation to Insulin Sensitivity","volume":"89","author":"Misra","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2046","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-2855","article-title":"Relationships between Serum Adipokines, Insulin Levels, and Bone Density in Girls with Anorexia Nervosa","volume":"92","author":"Misra","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5387","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-030956","article-title":"Opposite Changes in Circulating Adiponectin in Women with Bulimia Nervosa or Binge Eating Disorder","volume":"88","author":"Monteleone","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nezhadali, M., Mesbah-Namin, S.A., Hedayati, M., Akbarzadeh, M., Najd Hassan Bonab, L., and Daneshpour, M.S. (2022). Serum Adiponectin and Cortisol Levels Are Not Affected by Studied ADIPOQ Gene Variants: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. BMC Endocr. Disord., 22.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-022-01020-8"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2010.66","article-title":"Specific Adipocytokines Profiles in Patients with Hyperactive and\/or Binge\/Purge Form of Anorexia Nervosa","volume":"64","author":"Nogueira","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2014.10.025","article-title":"Immune-Metabolic Profiling of Anorexic Patients Reveals an Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Phenotype","volume":"64","author":"Omodei","year":"2015","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1748","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-021215","article-title":"Anorexia Nervosa Is Characterized by Increased Adiponectin Plasma Levels and Reduced Nonoxidative Glucose Metabolism","volume":"88","author":"Pannacciulli","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2019.04.021","article-title":"Associations between Neuropsychological Performance and Appetite-Regulating Hormones in Anorexia Nervosa and Healthy Controls: Ghrelin\u2019s Putative Role as a Mediator of Decision-Making","volume":"497","author":"Paslakis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2323","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-1926","article-title":"Bioactive Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF) I and IGF-Binding Protein-1 in Anorexia Nervosa","volume":"92","author":"Stoving","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22166","article-title":"Adipocytokine Levels in Women with Anorexia Nervosa. Relationship with Weight Restoration and Disease Duration","volume":"46","author":"Terra","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Eat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102214","article-title":"Expression of Immune-Related Proteins and Their Association with Neuropeptides in Adolescent Patients with Anorexia Nervosa","volume":"91","author":"Jowik","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuropeptides"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2008.03423.x","article-title":"Leptin Concentration Indexed to Fat Mass Is Increased in Untreated Anorexia Nervosa (AN) Patients","volume":"71","author":"Uzum","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.5603\/EP.a2021.0064","article-title":"Evaluation of the Frequency of ADIPOQ c.45 T>G and ADIPOQ c.276 G>T Polymorphisms in Adiponectin Coding Gene in Girls with Anorexia Nervosa","volume":"72","author":"Zimowski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endokrynol. Pol."}],"container-title":["Life"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1729\/13\/5\/1181\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:34:14Z","timestamp":1760124854000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1729\/13\/5\/1181"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,13]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["life13051181"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/life13051181","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-1729"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-1729","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,13]]}}}