{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T05:54:53Z","timestamp":1771912493846,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]],"date-time":"2023-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686096000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Inje University Busan Paik Hospital Research Grant"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fungal superinfections have been reported in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We analyzed the incidence and clinical characteristics of Pneumocystis\u00a0jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) in non-human immunodeficiency virus patients at a tertiary hospital between 2016 and 2022 to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on PCP. The study period was divided into pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 eras based on the pandemic declaration by the World Health Organization. Among the 113 patients included, the incidence of PCP in the COVID-19 era (37\/1000 patient-years) was significantly higher than that in the pre-COVID-19 era (13.1\/1000 patient-years) (p &lt; 0.001). Co-infection with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) also increased (2.4% vs. 18.3%, p = 0.013). Independent risk factors for PCP-related mortality were previous glucocorticoid use, hypoxemia, acute kidney injury, and IPA co-infection. Risk factors for IPA in patients with PCP included previous use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, COVID-19 infection within 30 days, leukopenia, and intensive care unit admission. In the COVID-19 era, 12 (16.9%) patients with PCP had a history of COVID-19 infection within 90 days; however, infection was not associated with mortality. Active evaluation of patients with suspected PCP and assessment of IPA co-infection risk may help improve the outcomes of patients with PCP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life13061335","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]],"date-time":"2023-06-08T01:34:32Z","timestamp":1686188072000},"page":"1335","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Changing Trends in the Incidence and Clinical Features of Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia in Non-HIV Patients before and during the COVID-19 Era and Risk Factors for Mortality between 2016 and 2022"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jin Suk","family":"Kang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, 75, Bokji-ro, Busanjin-gu, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2351","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00484-6","article-title":"Estimating global, regional, and national daily and cumulative infections with SARS-CoV-2 through Nov 14, 2021: A statistical analysis","volume":"399","author":"Barber","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Data on SARS-CoV-2 Variants in the EU\/EE (2023, April 12). 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