{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:53:00Z","timestamp":1787028780578,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,11]],"date-time":"2023-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686441600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["470092532"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["470092532"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mutations in the DMD gene can cause Duchenne or Becker muscular dystrophy (DMD\/BMD) by affecting the giant isoform of dystrophin, a protein encoded by the DMD gene. The role of small dystrophin isoforms is not well investigated yet, and they may play a role in muscle development and molecular pathology. Here, we investigated the nuclear localization of short carboxy-terminal dystrophin isoforms during the in vitro differentiation of human, porcine, and murine myoblast cultures. We could not only confirm the presence of Dp71 in the nucleoplasm and at the nuclear envelope, but we could also identify the Dp40 isoform in muscle nuclei. The localization of both isoforms over the first six days of differentiation was similar between human and porcine myoblasts, but murine myoblasts behaved differently. This highlights the importance of the porcine model in investigating DMD. We could also detect a wave-like pattern of nuclear presence of both Dp71 and Dp40, indicating a direct or indirect involvement in gene expression control during muscle differentiation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life13061367","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]],"date-time":"2023-06-12T01:28:21Z","timestamp":1686533301000},"page":"1367","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Nuclear Small Dystrophin Isoforms during Muscle Differentiation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Tina","family":"Donandt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Friedrich-Baur-Institute at the Department of Neurology, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University, 81377 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Todorow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Friedrich-Baur-Institute at the Department of Neurology, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University, 81377 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Hintze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Friedrich-Baur-Institute at the Department of Neurology, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University, 81377 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Graupner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Friedrich-Baur-Institute at the Department of Neurology, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University, 81377 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2757-8131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benedikt","family":"Schoser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Friedrich-Baur-Institute at the Department of Neurology, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University, 81377 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7611-4827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maggie C.","family":"Walter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Friedrich-Baur-Institute at the Department of Neurology, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University, 81377 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3359-3837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Meinke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Friedrich-Baur-Institute at the Department of Neurology, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University, 81377 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(03)00585-4","article-title":"Dystrophin and mutations: One gene, several proteins, multiple phenotypes","volume":"2","author":"Muntoni","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/2.5.521","article-title":"Davies, Apo-dystrophin-3: A 2.2kb transcript from the DMD locus encoding the dystrophin glycoprotein binding site","volume":"2","author":"Tinsley","year":"1993","journal-title":"Hum. 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