{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T14:35:12Z","timestamp":1791815712445,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":148,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,9]],"date-time":"2023-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688860800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"AIMS (Associazione Italiana Medici Specializzandi)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The female genital tract (FGT) performs several functions related to reproduction, but due to its direct exposure to the external environment, it may suffer microbial infections. Both the upper (uterus and cervix) and lower (vagina) FGT are covered by an epithelium, and contain immune cells (macrophages, dendritic cells, T and B lymphocytes) that afford a robust protection to the host. Its upper and the lower part differ in terms of Lactobacillus spp., which are dominant in the vagina. An alteration of the physiological equilibrium between the local microbiota and immune cells leads to a condition of dysbiosis which, in turn, may account for the outcome of FGT infection. Aerobic vaginitis, bacterial vaginosis, and Chlamydia trachomatis are the most frequent infections, and can lead to severe complications in reproduction and pregnancy. The use of natural products, such as probiotics, polyphenols, and lactoferrin in the course of FGT infections is an issue of current investigation. In spite of positive results, more research is needed to define the most appropriate administration, according to the type of patient.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life13071531","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]],"date-time":"2023-07-10T00:45:37Z","timestamp":1688949937000},"page":"1531","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Crosstalk between the Resident Microbiota and the Immune Cells Regulates Female Genital Tract Health"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5671-8124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi","family":"Santacroce","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Virology Section, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9401-7377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raffaele","family":"Palmirotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Virology Section, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4176-3939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucrezia","family":"Bottalico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Disciplines, School of Technical Medical Sciences, \u201cAlexander Xhuvani\u201d University of Elbasan, 3001 Elbasan, Albania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3527-7483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioannis Alexandros","family":"Charitos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Rehabilitation Unit, Clinical Scientific Institutes Maugeri (IRCCS), 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marica","family":"Colella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Virology Section, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6661-8116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Skender","family":"Topi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Disciplines, School of Technical Medical Sciences, \u201cAlexander Xhuvani\u201d University of Elbasan, 3001 Elbasan, Albania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilio","family":"Jirillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Virology Section, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"45725","article-title":"Tenofovir Inhibits Wound Healing of Epithelial Cells and Fibroblasts from the Upper and Lower Human Female Reproductive Tract","volume":"8","author":"Patel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. 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