{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T00:47:51Z","timestamp":1776818871050,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,29]],"date-time":"2023-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690588800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized cancer treatment standards and significantly enhanced patient prognoses. However, the utilization of these groundbreaking therapies has led to the observation and reporting of various types of adverse events, commonly known as immune-related adverse events (irAEs). In the following article, we present four patients who encountered uncommon toxicities induced by ICIs. The first patient was a 59-year-old female diagnosed with stage 4 lung adenocarcinoma. She received immunotherapy (pembrolizumab) together with chemotherapy and subsequently developed autonomic neuropathy (AN). The next two patients also received chemo-immunotherapy (pembrolizumab) and were both 63-year-old males with stage 4 lung adenocarcinoma. One of the two experienced palmoplantar keratoderma, while the other presented with Reiter\u2019s syndrome (urethritis, conjunctivitis and arthritis). The 4th patient, an 80-year-old male with stage 4 squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, received chemo-immunotherapy (pembrolizumab) and developed myasthenia gravis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life13081657","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]],"date-time":"2023-07-31T01:28:46Z","timestamp":1690766926000},"page":"1657","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Unexpected Adverse Events of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7570-4550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Walid","family":"Shalata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Legacy Heritage Oncology Center & Dr. Larry Norton Institute, Soroka Medical Center & Ben-Gurion University, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Yakobson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Legacy Heritage Oncology Center & Dr. Larry Norton Institute, Soroka Medical Center & Ben-Gurion University, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aharon Y.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Legacy Heritage Oncology Center & Dr. Larry Norton Institute, Soroka Medical Center & Ben-Gurion University, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iris","family":"Goldstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Omar Abu","family":"Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The Emek Medical Centre, Afula 18341, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yulia","family":"Dudnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Legacy Heritage Oncology Center & Dr. Larry Norton Institute, Soroka Medical Center & Ben-Gurion University, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keren","family":"Rouvinov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Legacy Heritage Oncology Center & Dr. Larry Norton Institute, Soroka Medical Center & Ben-Gurion University, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1703481","article-title":"Immune-related adverse events associated with immune checkpoint blockade","volume":"378","author":"Postow","year":"2018","journal-title":"N. 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