{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T10:11:34Z","timestamp":1791281494397,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":138,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004488","name":"Croatian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IP-2016-06-7456"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IP-2016-06-7456"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004488","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"CRONEUROARBO","award":["IP-2016-06-7456"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IP-2016-06-7456"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Different vector-borne pathogens are present or have (re-)emerged in Croatia. Flaviviruses tick-borne encephalitis (TBEV), West Nile (WNV), and Usutu (USUV) are widely distributed in continental regions, while Toscana virus (TOSV) and sandfly fever viruses are detected at the Croatian littoral. Recently, sporadic clinical cases of Tahyna orthobunyavirus (TAHV) and Bhanja bandavirus infection and seropositive individuals have been reported in continental Croatia. Acute infections and serologic evidence of WNV, TBEV, USUV, and TAHV were also confirmed in sentinel animals and vectors. Autochthonous dengue was reported in 2010 at the Croatian littoral. Lyme borreliosis is the most widely distributed vector-borne bacterial infection. The incidence is very high in northwestern and eastern regions, which correlates with numerous records of Ixodes ricinus ticks. Acute human Anaplasma phagocytophilum infections are reported sporadically, but there are many records of serologic evidence of anaplasmosis in animals. Mediterranean spotted fever (Rickettsia conorii) and murine typhus (Rickettsia typhi) are the main rickettsial infections in Croatia. Human leishmaniasis is notified sporadically, while serologic evidence of leishmaniasis was found in 11.4% of the Croatian population. After the official eradication of malaria in 1964, only imported cases were reported in Croatia. Since vector-borne diseases show a growing trend, continuous monitoring of vectors is required to protect the population from these infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life13091856","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T08:19:39Z","timestamp":1693556379000},"page":"1856","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Current Status of Vector-Borne Diseases in Croatia: Challenges and Future Prospects"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1877-5547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatjana","family":"Vilibic-Cavlek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Croatian Institute of Public Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"},{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2584-6681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natasa","family":"Janev-Holcer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Health Department, Croatian Institute of Public Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"},{"name":"Department of Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maja","family":"Bogdanic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Croatian Institute of Public Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4917-9270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Ferenc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Merkur University Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mateja","family":"Vujica Ferenc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9275-6117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stjepan","family":"Krcmar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0398-5346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vladimir","family":"Savic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Poultry Center, Croatian Veterinary Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vladimir","family":"Stevanovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maja","family":"Ilic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communicable Disease Epidemiology, Croatian Institute of Public Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ljubo","family":"Barbic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101513","article-title":"Tick-borne encephalitis outbreak following raw goat milk consumption in a new micro-location, Croatia, June 2019","volume":"11","author":"Ilic","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ticks Tick-Borne Dis."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"19805","article-title":"Autochthonous dengue fever in Croatia, August\u2013September 2010","volume":"16","author":"Aleraj","year":"2011","journal-title":"Euro Surveill."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"97","article-title":"Dengue virus infection in Croatia: Seroprevalence and entomological study","volume":"38","author":"Kaic","year":"2015","journal-title":"New Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-014-0625-1","article-title":"First evidence of simultaneous occurrence of West Nile virus and Usutu virus neuroinvasive disease in humans in Croatia during the 2013 outbreak","volume":"42","author":"Kaic","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vilibic-Cavlek, T., Savic, V., Klobucar, A., Ferenc, T., Ilic, M., Bogdanic, M., Tabain, I., Stevanovic, V., Santini, M., and Curman Posavec, M. (2021). Emerging Trends in the West Nile Virus Epidemiology in Croatia in the \u2018One Health\u2019 Context, 2011\u20132020. Trop. Med. Infect. Dis., 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed6030140"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1946","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.13225","article-title":"Prevalence and Molecular Epidemiology of West Nile and Usutu Virus Infections in Croatia in the \u201cOne Health\u201d Context, 2018","volume":"66","author":"Savic","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transbound. Emerg. Dis."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E200","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2012.03840.x","article-title":"Prevalence of Toscana virus antibodies in residents of Croatia","volume":"18","author":"Mohar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2012.06.006","article-title":"Evidence of an autochthonous Toscana virus strain in Croatia","volume":"55","author":"Mohar","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Virol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vilibic-Cavlek, T., Zidovec-Lepej, S., Ledina, D., Knezevic, S., Savic, V., Tabain, I., Ivic, I., Slavuljica, I., Bogdanic, M., and Grgic, I. (2020). Clinical, Virological, and Immunological Findings in Patients with Toscana Neuroinvasive Disease in Croatia: Report of Three Cases. Trop. Med. Infect. Dis., 5.","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed5030144"},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"\u0160alamun, M., Kolari\u0107, B., Tabain, I., Antola\u0161i\u0107, L., Mila\u0161in\u010di\u0107, L., Artl, S., Savi\u0107, V., Barbi\u0107, L., Stevanovi\u0107, V., and Vilibi\u0107-\u010cavlek, T. (2019, January 10\u201312). Seroepidemiology of phlebovirus infections in Croatia, 2017\u20132018. Proceedings of the 8th International Congress Veterinary Science and Profession, Zagreb, Croatia."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vilibic-Cavlek, T., Stevanovic, V., Savic, V., Markelic, D., Sabadi, D., Bogdanic, M., Kovac, S., Santini, M., Tabain, I., and Potocnik-Hunjadi, T. (2022). Detection of Tahyna Orthobunyavirus-Neutralizing Antibodies in Patients with Neuroinvasive Disease in Croatia. Microorganisms, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10071443"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"5","article-title":"Human granulocytic anaplasmosis in Croatia and new insights about anaplasma and ehrlichia species","volume":"35","year":"2015","journal-title":"Croat. J. Infect."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268807009491","article-title":"Epidemiological features of Mediterranean spotted fever, murine typhus, and Q fever in Split-Dalmatia County (Croatia), 1982\u20132002","volume":"136","year":"2008","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20533","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES2013.18.29.20533","article-title":"Asymptomatic Leishmania Infantum Infections in Humans Living in Endemic and Non-Endemic Areas of Croatia, 2007 to 2009","volume":"18","author":"Mohar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Euro Surveill."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Talapko, J., \u0160krlec, I., Alebi\u0107, T., Juki\u0107, M., and V\u010dev, A. (2019). Malaria: The Past and the Present. Microorganisms, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms7060179"},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Vesenjak-Hirjan, J. (1976). Tick-Borne Encephalitis in Croatia, Croatian Publisher RAD JAZU. Rad JAZU, Book 372."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Vesenjak-Hirjan, J., Rulnjevi\u0107, J., \u0160oo\u0161, E., Galinovi\u0107-Weissglas, M., and Beus, I. (1976). Appearance of Tick-Borne Encephalitis in the Mountain Range Medvednica, Croatian Publisher RAD JAZU. Rad JAZU, Book 372."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"163","article-title":"Tick-borne meningoencephalitis in Gorski Kotar-new findings","volume":"123","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lijec. Vjesn."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Vesenjak-Hirjan, J., Egri-He\u0107imovi\u0107, E., Brudnjak, Z., and Vince \u0160oo\u0161, E. (1976). Infections with Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus in the Panonian Focus Stara Vas. Serological Studies 1961\u20131964, Croatian Publisher RAD JAZU. Rad JAZU, Book 372."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Vesenjak-Hirjan, J., Galinovi\u0107-Weisglass, M., and Brudnjak, Z. (1976). Infections with Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus in Pannonian Focus Stara Vas. Serological Studies in 1972, Croatian Publisher RAD JAZU. Rad JAZU, Book 372."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Vesenjak-Hirjan, J., Egri-He\u0107imovi\u0107, E., and \u0160oo\u0161, E. (1976). Infections with Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus in Mediterranean Focus Nadsela (Island of Bra\u010d), Croatian Publisher RAD JAZU. Rad JAZU, Book 372."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Vesenjak-Hirjan, J. (1980). Arboviruses in the Mediterranean Countries, Gustav Fischer Verlag."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"195","article-title":"Natural foci of some viral zoonoses in Croatia","volume":"53","author":"Brudnjak","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Med. Croatica"},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"153","article-title":"Flaviviruses in the north-west Croatia","volume":"32","author":"Dobler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Croat. J. Infect."},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Ha\u0111ina, S., Stevanovi\u0107, V., Kova\u010d, S., Vilibi\u0107 \u010cavlek, T., Perhari\u0107, M., Stare\u0161ina, V., Maltar, L., Ki\u0161, T., Madi\u0107, J., and Barbi\u0107, L. (2017, January 5\u20137). Serological evidence of tick-borne encephalitis virus infections in dogs in Croatia\u2014Importance for the veterinary medicine and public health. Proceedings of the 7th International Congress Veterinary Science and Profession, Zagreb, Croatia. Book of Abstracts."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"Ma\u0161ovi\u0107, V. (2023). Sheep as Sentinels for West Nile Virus Infections. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb]."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2012.11.016","article-title":"Detection and genetic characterization of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) derived from ticks removed from red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and isolated from spleen samples of red deer (Cervus elaphus) in Croatia","volume":"5","author":"Janicki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ticks Tick-Borne Dis."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vilibic-Cavlek, T., Barbic, L., Mrzljak, A., Brnic, D., Klobucar, A., Ilic, M., Janev-Holcer, N., Bogdanic, M., Jemersic, L., and Stevanovic, V. (2021). Emerging and Neglected Viruses of Zoonotic Importance in Croatia. Pathogens, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10010073"},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"Vesenjak-Hirjan, J. (1980). Arboviruses in the Mediterranean Countries, Gustav Fischer Verlag."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2012.1295","article-title":"First outbreak of West Nile virus neuroinvasive disease in humans, Croatia, 2012","volume":"14","author":"Pandak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"Barbic, L., Savic, V., Bogdanic, M., Madic, J., Sabadi, D., Al-Mufleh, M., Stevanovic, V., Hruskar, Z., Lakoseljac, D., and Roncevic, D. (2023, January 15\u201318). Re-emergence of neuroinvasive flaviviruses in the 2022 transmission season in Croatia. Proceedings of the 33rd ECCMID, Copenhagen, Denmark. Book of Abstracts."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.160.22.772","article-title":"Serological Evidence for West Nile Virus Infection in Horses in Croatia","volume":"160","author":"Savini","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2012.04.038","article-title":"Spreading of West Nile virus infection in Croatia","volume":"159","author":"Savini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"Vuger, V. (2021). Dogs and Cats as Sentinels for West Nile Virus in Urban Areas. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Zagreb]."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klobucar, A., Savic, V., Curman Posavec, M., Petrinic, S., Kuhar, U., Toplak, I., Madic, J., and Vilibic-Cavlek, T. (2021). Screening of Mosquitoes for West Nile Virus and Usutu Virus in Croatia, 2015\u20132020. Trop. Med. Infect. Dis., 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed6020045"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21135","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES2015.20.20.21135","article-title":"The challenge of West Nile virus in Europe: Knowledge gaps and research priorities","volume":"20","author":"Rizzoli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Euro Surveill."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2012.1236","article-title":"Demonstration of Usutu virus antibodies in horses, Croatia","volume":"13","author":"Barbic","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-014-0300-4","article-title":"First cases of human Usutu virus neuroinvasive infection in Croatia, August\u2013September 2013: Clinical and laboratory features","volume":"21","author":"Santini","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurovirol."},{"key":"ref_39","unstructured":"Barbic, L., Vuger, V., Stevanovic, V., Benvin, I., Kovac, S., Savic, V., Vilibic-Cavlek, T., Tabain, I., Bogdanic, M., and Madic, J. (2022, January 23\u201326). First serological evidence of Usutu virus infection in cats\u2014Possible role as sentinels for flavivirus infections. Proceedings of the 32nd ECCMID, Lisbon, Portugal. Book of Abstracts."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ayhan, N., Prudhomme, J., Laroche, L., Ba\u00f1uls, A.L., and Charrel, R.N. (2020). Broader Geographical Distribution of Toscana Virus in the Mediterranean Region Suggests the Existence of Larger Varieties of Sand Fly Vectors. Microorganisms, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8010114"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2017.00336","article-title":"Cocirculation of Two Lineages of Toscana Virus in Croatia","volume":"5","author":"Ayhan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"Vesenjak-Hirjan, J. (1980). Arboviruses in the Mediterranean Countries, Gustav Fischer Verlag."},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"89","article-title":"Sandfly fever epidemiology in Croatia","volume":"41","year":"1987","journal-title":"Acta. Medica. Iug."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-29.4.572","article-title":"Serologic survey for selected viral and rickettsial agents of brown bears (Ursus arctos) in Croatia","volume":"29","author":"Huber","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Wildl. Dis."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stevanovic, V., Vilibic-Cavlek, T., Savic, V., Klobucar, A., Kovac, S., Curman Posavec, M., Petrinic, S., Bogdanic, M., Santini, M., and Tesic, V. (2022). Surveillance of Tahyna Orthobunyavirus in Urban Areas in Croatia-The \u201cOne Health\u201d Approach. Trop. Med. Infect. Dis., 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed7100320"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1977.26.1003","article-title":"Isolation of Bhanja virus from ticks in Yugoslavia","volume":"26","author":"Calisher","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"Vesenjak-Hirjan, J. (1980). Arboviruses in the Mediterranean Countries, Gustav Fischer Verlag."},{"key":"ref_48","unstructured":"Vesenjak-Hirjan, J. (1980). Arboviruses in the Mediterranean Countries, Gustav Fischer Verlag."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vilibic-Cavlek, T., Stevanovic, V., Krcmar, S., Savic, V., Kovac, S., Bogdanic, M., Mauric Maljkovic, M., Sabadi, D., Santini, M., and Potocnik-Hunjadi, T. (2023). Detection of Bhanja Bandavirus in Patients with Neuroinvasive Disease of Unknown Etiology in Croatia. Microorganisms, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11092155"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Estrada-Pe\u0148a, A., Mihalca, A.D., and Petney, T.N. (2017). Ticks of Europe and North Africa. A Guide to Species Identification, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-63760-0"},{"key":"ref_51","unstructured":"Dumi\u0107, T., Jurkovi\u0107, D., Florijan\u010di\u010d, T., Ozimec, S., Pintur, K., Fabijani\u0107, N., Filipeti, B., and Beck, R. (2021, January 16\u201318). Tick infestation of Balkan chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra balcanica) from the area of Biokovo mountain in the Republic of Croatia. Proceedings of the 3rd Inter-national Rupicapra Symposium, Makarska, Croatia."},{"key":"ref_52","unstructured":"Dumi\u0107, T. (2021). The Ecological and Genetic Characteristics of Ectoparasites of Wild Ungulates from Different Habitats in Croatia. [Ph.D. Thesis, Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek]."},{"key":"ref_53","first-page":"372691","article-title":"Biogeography of tick-borne Bhanja virus (bunyaviridae) in Europe","volume":"2009","year":"2009","journal-title":"Interdiscip. Perspect. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101920","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101920","article-title":"DNA barcoding of hard ticks (Ixodidae), notes on distribution of vector species and new faunal record for Croatia","volume":"13","author":"Vucelja","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ticks Tick-Borne Dis."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3897\/zookeys.234.3658","article-title":"Hard ticks (Acari, Ixodidae) of Croatia","volume":"234","year":"2012","journal-title":"ZooKeys"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1638\/2007-0022R.1","article-title":"An outbreak of tick paralysis in free-ranging mouflon (Ovis ammon musimon)","volume":"38","author":"Janicki","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Zoo Wildl. Med."},{"key":"ref_57","unstructured":"Perez, K. (2021). Hard Tick Prevalence in Karlovac County. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb]."},{"key":"ref_58","unstructured":"Mi\u010deti\u0107, A. (2021). Fauna of Hard Ticks (Fam. Ixodidae) in Private Forests at Vicinity of Ponikve (Municipality Bakar). [Master\u2019s Thesis, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, University of Zagreb]."},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"157","article-title":"The prevalence of Bhanja virus affected dogs in some regions of Croatia and Slovenia","volume":"55","author":"Punda","year":"1985","journal-title":"Vet. Arh."},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"177","article-title":"Dengue viruses in northeastern Croatia","volume":"110","author":"Ropac","year":"1988","journal-title":"Lijec. Vjesn."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1556\/030.62.2015.2.9","article-title":"Seroprevalence and entomological study on Chikungunya virus at the Croatian littoral","volume":"62","author":"Kaic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Microbiol. Immunol. Hung."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.2147\/IMCRJ.S130210","article-title":"First case of imported chikungunya infection in Croatia, 2016","volume":"10","author":"Luksic","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. Med. Case Rep. J."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.9410","article-title":"First detection of Zika virus infection in a Croatian traveler returning from Brazil, 2016","volume":"11","author":"Venturi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dev. Ctries."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2022.0070","article-title":"Incidence of Lyme Borreliosis in Europe: A Systematic Review (2005\u20132020)","volume":"23","author":"Burn","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"ref_65","first-page":"65","article-title":"First isolation of Borrelia sp. (Borrelia afzelii) from cerebrospinal fluid in a patient with neuroborreliosis in Croatia","volume":"29","year":"2009","journal-title":"Croat. J. Infect."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.3109\/00365549209054658","article-title":"Antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi in various population groups in Croatia","volume":"24","author":"Burek","year":"1992","journal-title":"Scand. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_67","first-page":"433","article-title":"Low seroprevalence of Lyme borreliosis in the forested mountainous area of Gorski Kotar, Croatia","volume":"41","author":"Poljak","year":"2000","journal-title":"Croat. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.20302\/NC.2020.29.7","article-title":"Hard tick fauna (Acari: Ixodidae) in different types of habitats in the city of Osijek (Eastern Croatia)","volume":"29","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Croat."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1111\/jvec.12325","article-title":"Diversity, ecology, and seasonality of hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) in eastern Croatia","volume":"44","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Vector Ecol."},{"key":"ref_70","first-page":"183","article-title":"Dynamics of tick occurrence (Ixodidae) in North Croatia","volume":"39","year":"1969","journal-title":"Vet Arh."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sameroff, S., Tokarz, R., Vucelja, M., Komal, J., Oleynik, A., Boljfeti\u0107, M., Bjedov, L., Yates, R.A., Margaleti\u0107, J., and Oura, C.A.L. (2022). Virome of Ixodes ricinus, Dermacentor reticulatus, and Haemaphysalis concinna Ticks from Croatia. Viruses, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/v14050929"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vucelja, M., Kr\u010dmar, S., Habu\u0161, J., Moj\u010dec Perko, V., Boljfeti\u0107, M., Bjedov, L., and Margaleti\u0107, J. (2023). Altitudinal distribution, seasonal dynamics and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato infections in hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) in different forest communities in Inland Croatia. Sustainability, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/su15064862"},{"key":"ref_73","unstructured":"Hillyard, P.D. (1996). Synopses of the British Fauna (New Series) 52, Field Studies Council."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1111\/jvec.12283","article-title":"Ixodes ricinus parasitism of birds increases at higher winter temperatures","volume":"43","author":"Furnes","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Vector Ecol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00051474","article-title":"Identification of four genomic groups of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Ixodes ricinus ticks collected in a Lyme borreliosis endemic region of northern Croatia","volume":"20","author":"Rijpkema","year":"1996","journal-title":"Exp. Appl. Acarol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-018-6129-7","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Vector-Borne Pathogens in Dogs from Croatia","volume":"118","author":"Beck","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"ref_77","unstructured":"\u0160tritof, Z. (2018, January 18\u201319). Seroprevalence of Lyme-borreliosis in horses in Croatia. Proceedings of the Workshop with International Participation Emerging and Neglected Zoonoses in the \u201cOne Health\u201d Context, Zagreb, Croatia. (In Croatian)."},{"key":"ref_78","first-page":"7","article-title":"Epidemiologic, ecologic and clinical characteristics of Lyme borrelliosis in northwest Croatia","volume":"52","author":"Rijpkema","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Med. Croatica"},{"key":"ref_79","first-page":"133","article-title":"Borrelia and rickettsia in skin bioptates of erythema migrans patients","volume":"31","author":"Pandak","year":"2011","journal-title":"Croat. J. Infect."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.15-0517","article-title":"Molecular Survey of Zoonotic Agents in Rodents and Other Small Mammals in Croatia","volume":"94","author":"Tadin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3019","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-017-5611-y","article-title":"Molecular Detection of Anaplasma platys, Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Wolbachia Sp. but Not Ehrlichia canis in Croatian Dogs","volume":"116","author":"Huber","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"ref_82","first-page":"626","article-title":"Serologically Detected \u201cNew\u201d Tick-Borne Zoonoses in Eastern Croatia","volume":"44","author":"Topolovec","year":"2003","journal-title":"Croat. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_83","first-page":"411","article-title":"Human anaplasmosis (ehrlichiosis)","volume":"60","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Med. Croatica"},{"key":"ref_84","unstructured":"Bogdani\u0107, M., Savi\u0107, V., Tabain, I., Hunjak, B., Mila\u0161in\u010di\u0107, L., Antola\u0161i\u0107, L., Artl, S., Barbi\u0107, L., Jemer\u0161i\u0107, L., and Prpi\u0107, J. (2019, January 10\u201312). Prevalence of tick-borne encephalitis, Lyme-borreliosis and human granulocytic anaplasmosis in patients with a history of a tick bite, Croatia (2017\u20132018). Proceedings of the 8th International Congress Veterinary Science and Profession, Zagreb, Croatia."},{"key":"ref_85","first-page":"239","article-title":"Anaplasma phagocytophilum, the causative agent of vectorborne emergent zoonoses: A review of epidemiological studies","volume":"54","author":"Udiljak","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vet. Stanica"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101469","article-title":"First Reports of Indigenous Lethal Infection with Anaplasma Marginale, Anaplasma Bovis and Theileria Orientalis in Croatian Cattle","volume":"11","author":"Duvnjak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ticks Tick-Borne Dis."},{"key":"ref_87","first-page":"113","article-title":"A First Case of Equine Granulocytic Anaplasmosis in Croatia\u2014A Case Report","volume":"87","author":"Crnogaj","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet. Arh."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2016.1990","article-title":"Prevalence and Geographic Distribution of Vector-Borne Pathogens in Apparently Healthy Dogs in Croatia","volume":"17","author":"Mrljak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"ref_89","first-page":"423","article-title":"Epidemiological study of certain zoonoses in dogs and assessment of risk factors","volume":"50","author":"Tus","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet. Stanica"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-5-49","article-title":"First Case of Anaplasma platys Infection in a Dog from Croatia","volume":"5","author":"Dyachenko","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2007.01.024","article-title":"First Serological and Molecular Evidence on the Endemicity of Anaplasma ovis and A. marginale in Hungary","volume":"122","author":"Hornok","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_92","first-page":"5","article-title":"Tick Transmission of Anaplasma centrale","volume":"54","author":"Potgieter","year":"1987","journal-title":"Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2016.06.010","article-title":"Rickettsiae and rickettsial diseases in Croatia: Implications for travel medicine","volume":"14","author":"Dzelalija","year":"2016","journal-title":"Travel Med. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/22.2.216","article-title":"Isolation of Rickettsia akari from a patient in a region where Mediterranean spotted fever is endemic","volume":"22","author":"Radulovic","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_95","first-page":"167","article-title":"Diagnosis of rickettsioses: Results of the Croatian Institute of Public Health","volume":"32","year":"2012","journal-title":"Croat. J. Infect."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1501.080815","article-title":"Rickettsia helvetica in Dermacentor reticulatus ticks","volume":"15","author":"Dobec","year":"2009","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-04448-w","article-title":"Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Eight Balkan Countries: Historical Review and Region-Wide Entomological Survey","volume":"13","author":"Dvorak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2706.210239","article-title":"Leishmaniases in the European Union and Neighboring Countries","volume":"27","author":"Berriatua","year":"2021","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.13653","article-title":"Systematic Review: Re-Emergence of Human Leishmaniasis in the Balkans","volume":"26","author":"Vaselek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trop. Med. Int. Health"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/167.4.321","article-title":"Epidemiologic and Ecologic Characteristics of Some Diseases Transmitted by Arthropods on the Littoral of the Republic of Croatia","volume":"167","author":"Ropac","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mil. Med."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2006.06.009","article-title":"A Review of Leishmaniasis in Dalmatia (Croatia) and Results from Recent Surveys on Phlebotomine Sandflies in Three Southern Counties","volume":"99","author":"Gradoni","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-342","article-title":"Genetic Diversity and Structure in Leishmania Infantum Populations from Southeastern Europe Revealed by Microsatellite Analysis","volume":"6","author":"Gouzelou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)78208-8","article-title":"Visceral Leishmaniasis in Southern Croatia","volume":"351","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED-D-58-5608","article-title":"Occurrence of Visceral and Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Croatia","volume":"174","author":"Ropac","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mil. Med."},{"key":"ref_105","first-page":"163","article-title":"Fauna and Distribution of Sandflies (Diptera, Phlebotomidae) in Yugoslavia, Croatia, Macedonia and Their Role in the Transmission of Parasitic and Viral Diseases","volume":"48","author":"Ivovic","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Vet."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1515\/acve-2015-0029","article-title":"Illegal Waste Sites as A Potential Micro Foci of Mediterranean Leishmaniasis: First Records of Phlebotomine Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) From Slovenia","volume":"65","author":"Kalan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Vet."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2021.106110","article-title":"Canine Leishmaniasis in Balkan\u2014A Review of Occurrence and Epidemiology","volume":"224","author":"Vaselek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2005.04.036","article-title":"A Seroepidemiologic Survey of Canine Visceral Leishmaniosis among Apparently Healthy Dogs in Croatia","volume":"131","author":"Zivicnjak","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_109","first-page":"99","article-title":"Serological and Entomological Studies of Canine Leishmaniosis in Croatia","volume":"81","author":"Khoury","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. Arh."},{"key":"ref_110","first-page":"295","article-title":"Malaria among Croatian Seafarers between 2004 and 2014: Evaluation of Chemoprophylaxis Use and Occupational Disease Reporting","volume":"72","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arh. Hig. Rada Toksikol."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiw368","article-title":"Climate Change and Vector-Borne Diseases: Where Are We Next Heading?","volume":"214","author":"Caminade","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_112","unstructured":"(2023, June 08). World Health Organization (WHO)\u2014Malaria. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/malaria."},{"key":"ref_113","first-page":"109","article-title":"Investigation of Mosquito Larvae (Diptera, Culicidae) in the Coastal Area of Dalmatia, Croatia","volume":"113","year":"2011","journal-title":"Period. Biol."},{"key":"ref_114","first-page":"257","article-title":"Seasonal Dynamics of the Anopheles maculipennis Complex in Osijek, Croatia","volume":"29","author":"Boca","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Vector. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_115","first-page":"106","article-title":"Beginnings and Success in Preventing Anophelism by Means of Gambusia Fish on the Island of Krk in Croatia from 1922 to 1927","volume":"7","author":"Skrobonja","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med. Glas."},{"key":"ref_116","first-page":"145","article-title":"History of Eradication of Malaria in Croatia","volume":"47","year":"2002","journal-title":"Orvostort. Kozl."},{"key":"ref_117","first-page":"33","article-title":"Rudolf Battara operation in Nin in 1902, the first systematic battle attempt against malaria in Croatia","volume":"35","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med. Jad."},{"key":"ref_118","first-page":"69","article-title":"Malaria in Pula in the seventies of the 19th century and the epidemic in 1879","volume":"10","author":"Cigui","year":"2012","journal-title":"AMHA\u2014Acta Med.-Hist. Adriat."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchb.2012.08.003","article-title":"Skeletal and Dental Indicators of Health in the Late Mediaeval (12\u201315th Century) Population from Nin, Southern Croatia","volume":"63","author":"Novak","year":"2012","journal-title":"Homo"},{"key":"ref_120","first-page":"369","article-title":"Brijuni Archipelago: Story of Kupelwieser, Koch, and Cultivation of 14 Islands","volume":"47","year":"2006","journal-title":"Croat. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_121","first-page":"51","article-title":"Malaria in Croatia: In the past, today and tomorrow","volume":"122","author":"Petri","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lijec. Vjesn."},{"key":"ref_122","first-page":"145","article-title":"Infectious diseases in Croatia in 2007","volume":"28","author":"Aleraj","year":"2008","journal-title":"Croat. J. Infect."},{"key":"ref_123","first-page":"192","article-title":"Malaria in Croatia in the period between 1987 to 2006","volume":"131","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lije\u010d. Vjesn."},{"key":"ref_124","first-page":"309","article-title":"Malaria, a Travel Health Problem in the Maritime Community","volume":"7","author":"Raju","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Travel. Med."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.7988","article-title":"An overview of mosquitoes and emerging arboviral infections in the Zagreb area, Croatia","volume":"10","author":"Klobucar","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dev. Ctries."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.2987\/8756-971X(2006)22[147:FROAAI]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"First record of Aedes albopictus in Croatia","volume":"22","author":"Klobucar","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Am. Mosq. Control. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_127","first-page":"351","article-title":"Mosquitoes of Istria, a contribution to knowledge of Croatian mosquito fauna (Diptera, Culicidae)","volume":"110","author":"Boca","year":"2008","journal-title":"Period. Biol."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1603\/ME13071","article-title":"Seasonal and Spatial Oviposition Activity of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Adriatic Croatia","volume":"51","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_129","first-page":"1123","article-title":"Vector Competence of Aedes albopictus Populations from the Northeastern United States for Chikungunya, Dengue, and Zika Viruses","volume":"104","author":"Payne","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martinet, J.P., Bohers, C., Vazeille, M., Fert\u00e9, H., Mousson, L., Mathieu, B., Depaquit, J., and Failloux, A.B. (2023). Assessing vector competence of mosquitoes from northeastern France to West Nile virus and Usutu virus. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 17.","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.02.07.527438"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1111\/mve.12337","article-title":"First record and spreading of the invasive mosquito Aedes japonicus japonicus (Theobald, 1901) in Croatia","volume":"33","author":"Lipovac","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med. Vet. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_132","first-page":"1900433","article-title":"Detection of Aedes flavopictus (Yamada, 1921), Netherlands, June 2019","volume":"24","author":"Voogd","year":"2019","journal-title":"Euro Surveill."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cris.2020.100001","article-title":"Aedes albopictus and Aedes flavopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) pre-imaginal abundance patterns are associated with different environmental factors along an altitudinal gradient","volume":"1","author":"Chaves","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Res. Insect. Sci."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"fnx244","DOI":"10.1093\/femsle\/fnx244","article-title":"Vector-borne diseases and climate change: A European perspective","volume":"365","author":"Semenza","year":"2018","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2708","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2012.0138","article-title":"Suitability of European climate for the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus: Recent trends and future scenarios","volume":"9","author":"Caminade","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. R. Soc. Interface"},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800428","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.32.1800428","article-title":"Early start of the West Nile fever transmission season 2018 in Europe","volume":"23","author":"Haussig","year":"2018","journal-title":"Euro Surveill."},{"key":"ref_137","first-page":"15","article-title":"The role of mosquito surveillance in the control of arboviral infections in Croatia","volume":"39","author":"Capak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Croat. J. Infect."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.09.047","article-title":"The dawn of Structural One Health: A new science tracking disease emergence along circuits of capital","volume":"129","author":"Wallace","year":"2015","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."}],"container-title":["Life"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1729\/13\/9\/1856\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:44:53Z","timestamp":1760129093000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1729\/13\/9\/1856"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]]},"references-count":138,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}},"alternative-id":["life13091856"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/life13091856","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-1729"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-1729","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]]}}}