{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T04:49:29Z","timestamp":1790916569644,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694390400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical University of Silesia in Katowice"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), also known as acne inversa, is a chronic inflammatory disease that manifests as painful nodules, abscesses, draining dermal tunnels, and scarring in intertriginous areas such as the axillae, groin, and breasts. The nature of the disease and its chronicity have a destructive impact on mental health and quality of life. HS has an estimated global prevalence of 0.00033\u20134.1% and it disproportionately affects females compared to males. HS involving the female anogenital regions is reported rarely in the gynecological literature, and it can often be mistaken for other vulvar diseases. The distinct phenotypes and HS rarity cause delayed diagnosis and the implementation of effective treatment. Acne inversa is associated with several comorbidities, including metabolic disease, diabetes mellitus, inflammatory bowel diseases, and spondyloarthropathies. Although HS etiology and pathogenesis remain unclear, studies have shown that lifestyle, immunological processes, genetics, and hormonal predispositions may promote follicular hyperkeratosis, dilatation, and rupture, leading to the development of chronic tissue inflammation. This article provides updated information on HS pathogenesis, comorbidities, and treatment methods. Furthermore, we share our experience in the surgical treatment of the disease, which often proves most effective, and highlight that an interdisciplinary management approach ensures optimal outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life13091895","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T09:05:17Z","timestamp":1694423117000},"page":"1895","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Hidradenitis Suppurativa: An Interdisciplinary Problem in Dermatology, Gynecology, and Surgery\u2014Pathogenesis, Comorbidities, and Current Treatments"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Nowak-Liduk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Perinatology, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, General Hospital in Ruda \u015al\u0105ska, Wincentego Lipa Street 2, 41-703 Ruda \u015al\u0105ska, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Kitala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Stanislaw Sakiel Centre for Burns Treatment, Siemianowice \u015alaskie, Jana Paw\u0142a II Street 2, 43-100 Siemianowice \u015al\u0105skie, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Ocha\u0142a-Gierek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venerology, City Hospital in Sosnowiec, Zegadlowicza Street 3, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wojciech","family":"\u0141abu\u015b","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Stanislaw Sakiel Centre for Burns Treatment, Siemianowice \u015alaskie, Jana Paw\u0142a II Street 2, 43-100 Siemianowice \u015al\u0105skie, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beata","family":"Bergler-Czop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Francuska Street 20-24, 40-027 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kornelia","family":"Pietrauszka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Francuska Street 20-24, 40-027 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Niemiec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medykow Street 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0853-9014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karol","family":"Szyluk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-752 Katowice, Poland"},{"name":"District Hospital of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Bytomska 62 Street, 41-940 Piekary Slaskie, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8686-9692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcin","family":"Gierek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Stanislaw Sakiel Centre for Burns Treatment, Siemianowice \u015alaskie, Jana Paw\u0142a II Street 2, 43-100 Siemianowice \u015al\u0105skie, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.16677","article-title":"Hidradenitis suppurativa: An update on epidemiology, phenotypes, diagnosis, pathogenesis, comorbidities and quality of life","volume":"35","author":"Nguyen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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