{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T13:31:22Z","timestamp":1779197482354,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698105600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005739","name":"Divisi\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FM\/DI\/068\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FM\/DI\/068\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005739","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Coccidioidomycosis, caused by Coccidioides immitis and C. posadasii, causes significant morbidity and mortality, both in immunocompetent and immunocompromised people, mainly in endemic areas. The present work analyzed its epidemiology, diagnostic methods, and treatment by reviewing clinical cases published from 1950 to 2021. Fifty-nine articles were included, corresponding to 275 clinical cases. The results showed a higher incidence of coccidioidomycosis in the male gender than the female gender. The most affected age group was 31\u201340 years, and the most reported clinical presentation was disseminated with greater involvement in cutaneous and subcutaneous tissue, followed by the CNS, bone system, and peritoneum. The species most frequently reported was C. immitis. The most used treatment was azoles, followed by their combination with amphotericin B, monotherapy with amphotericin B, and alternative medicine. This work shows that epidemiological data outside the USA are still scarce. Serological tests are the preferred diagnostic method in daily medical practice, and cultures remain the gold standard. The treatment for coccidioidomycosis is ketoconazole and amphotericin B, individually or in combination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life13112109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T11:34:47Z","timestamp":1698147287000},"page":"2109","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Clinical Cases of Coccidioidomycosis in the Americas in the Period 1950\u20132021: Epidemiology Data, Diagnosis, and Treatment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3866-9995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda del Roc\u00edo","family":"Reyes-Montes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda y Parasitolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoac\u00e1n, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adriana Anel","family":"Le\u00f3n-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda y Parasitolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoac\u00e1n, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3160-8698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Guadalupe","family":"Fr\u00edas-De-Le\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica, Pueblo de Zoquiapan, Ixtapaluca 56530, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gustavo","family":"Acosta-Altamirano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica, Pueblo de Zoquiapan, Ixtapaluca 56530, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erika Paola","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Saavedra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda y Parasitolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoac\u00e1n, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isai","family":"Victoriano-Pastel\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda y Parasitolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoac\u00e1n, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Meraz-R\u00edos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda y Parasitolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoac\u00e1n, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6315-7860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esperanza","family":"Duarte-Escalante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda y Parasitolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoac\u00e1n, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S46","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myy037","article-title":"Coccidioidomycosis in Latin America","volume":"57","author":"Arathoon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med. 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