{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:52:59Z","timestamp":1787028779781,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Tabuk","award":["0139-1443-S"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0139-1443-S"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death and hospitalization worldwide and represents a problem for public health systems everywhere. In Saudi Arabia, the prevalence of CAD is estimated to be 5.5%. Risk factors for CAD include older age, male gender, obesity, high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and genetic factors. Reducing the risk factors in susceptible individuals will decrease the prevalence of CAD. Genome wide association studies have helped to reveal the association of many loci with diseases like CAD. In this study, we examined the link between single nucleotide variations (SNVs) of TNF-\u03b1-rs1800629 G&gt;A, CYP2C19*17 (rs12248560) C&gt;T, and miR-423 rs6505162 C&gt;A and the expression of TNF-\u03b1 with CAD. We used the mutation specific PCR, ARMS-PCR, and ELISA. The results showed that the A allele of the TNF-\u03b1 rs1800629 G&gt;A SNP is linked to CAD with odd ratio (OR) (95% CI) = 2.10, p-value = 0.0013. The T allele of the CYP2C19*17 (rs12248560) C&gt;T is linked to CAD with OR (95% CI) = 2.02, p-value = 0.003. In addition, the A allele of the miR-423 rs6505162 C&gt;A SNV is linked to CAD with OR (95% CI) = 1.49, p-value = 0.036. The ELISA results indicated that the TNF-\u03b1 serum levels are significantly increased in CAD patients compared to healthy controls. We conclude the TNF-\u03b1 rs1800629 G&gt;A, CYP2C19*17, and miR-423 rs6505162 C&gt;A are potential genetic loci for CAD in the Saudi population. These findings require further verification in future studies. After being verified, our results might be utilized in genetic testing to identify individuals that are susceptible to CAD and, therefore, for whom reducing modifiable risk factors (e.g., poor diet, diabetes, obesity, and smoking) would result in prevention or delay of CAD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life13112142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T12:44:03Z","timestamp":1698756243000},"page":"2142","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Differential Expression of Serum Proinflammatory Cytokine TNF-\u03b1 and Genetic Determinants of TNF-\u03b1, CYP2C19*17, miR-423 Genes and Their Effect on Coronary Artery Disease Predisposition and Progression"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2639-6384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rehab F.","family":"Almassabi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4014-2332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rashid","family":"Mir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Lab Technology, Prince Fahad Bin Sultan Chair for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamsheed","family":"Javid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Lab Technology, Prince Fahad Bin Sultan Chair for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8073-6461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faisel M.","family":"AbuDuhier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Lab Technology, Prince Fahad Bin Sultan Chair for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reema","family":"Almotairi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Lab Technology, Prince Fahad Bin Sultan Chair for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8405-4476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marwan H.","family":"Alhelali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8557-0499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naseh","family":"Algehainy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Lab Technology, Prince Fahad Bin Sultan Chair for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3859-8397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Basim S. O.","family":"Alsaedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salem Owaid","family":"Albalawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, King Fahd Specialist Hospital, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Imadeldin","family":"Elfaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e153","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001052","article-title":"Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2022 Update: A Report from the American Heart Association","volume":"145","author":"Tsao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rolski, F., and Blyszczuk, P. 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