{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T23:14:10Z","timestamp":1784762050123,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]],"date-time":"2023-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this case series and narrative literature review is to highlight the importance of multimodal imaging in the ophthalmological examination of patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 and provide a summary of the most relevant imaging techniques. Three patients with SCA7 were included in this case series. A literature review revealed twenty-one publications regarding ocular manifestations of SCA7, and the most relevant aspects are summarized. The role of different imaging techniques in the follow-up of SCA7 patients is analyzed, including color vision testing, corneal endothelial topography, color fundus photography (CFP) and autofluorescence, near infrared reflectance imaging, spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT), visual field examination, and electrophysiological tests. SDOCT provides a rapid and non-invasive imaging evaluation of disease progression over time. Additional examination including NIR imaging can provide further information on photoreceptor alteration and subtle disruption of the RPE, which are not evident with CFP at an early stage. Electrophysiological tests provide essential results on the state of cone and rod dystrophy, which could be paramount in guiding future genetic therapies. Multimodal imaging is a valuable addition to comprehensive ophthalmological examination in the diagnosis and management of patients with SCA7.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life13112169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]],"date-time":"2023-11-06T01:37:09Z","timestamp":1699234629000},"page":"2169","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Multimodal Ophthalmic Imaging in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 7"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6600-0917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Ciancimino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), St. Andrea Hospital, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035\/1039, 00189 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariachiara","family":"Di Pippo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), St. Andrea Hospital, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035\/1039, 00189 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregorio Antonio","family":"Manco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), St. Andrea Hospital, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035\/1039, 00189 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0499-8843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Romano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), St. Andrea Hospital, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035\/1039, 00189 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Ristori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), St. Andrea Hospital, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035\/1039, 00189 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina, 306\/354, 00179 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0744-0722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianluca","family":"Scuderi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), St. Andrea Hospital, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035\/1039, 00189 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0920-8732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Solmaz","family":"Abdolrahimzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), St. Andrea Hospital, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035\/1039, 00189 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"227","article-title":"The spinocerebellar ataxias","volume":"29","author":"Paulson","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. 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Cases Brief Rep."}],"container-title":["Life"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1729\/13\/11\/2169\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T21:17:59Z","timestamp":1760131079000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1729\/13\/11\/2169"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]}},"alternative-id":["life13112169"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/life13112169","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-1729"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-1729","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]]}}}