{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T05:23:31Z","timestamp":1791437011191,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose: To assess clinical outcomes of corneal cross-linking (CXL) intervention in a population diagnosed with progressive keratoconus. Methods: This single-center retrospective cohort study included consecutive patients who underwent standard CXL or accelerated CXL for progressive keratoconus at a major teaching hospital in southern Israel between January 2015 and December 2019. Patients\u2019 medical files were reviewed, and pre-operative and post-operative data regarding demographics and clinical and tomographic characteristics were extracted and analyzed. Results: This study included 166 patients (representing 198 eyes), out of which 98 patients (123 eyes) were ethnically Bedouin, and 68 patients (75 eyes) were ethnically Jewish. Overall, 126 patients (144 eyes) had a follow-up of at least 12 months (16.84 \u00b1 5.76). The mean patient age was 20.62 \u00b1 7.1 years old. There were significant baseline differences between the two ethnic groups in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA; p &lt; 0.001), uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA; p &lt; 0.001), mean keratometry (p = 0.028), and corneal thickness (p &lt; 0.001). Significant changes in BCVA, UCVA, and pachymetry parameters within each group were found after 12 months. Negative binomial regression analysis showed a maximal keratometry below 55D (RR = 1.247, p &lt; 0.001), and a standard CXL procedure (RR = 1.147, p = 0.041) are significantly related to the stability of KC after 12 months. However, the effect size of the origin of patients is negligible (RR = 1.047, p = 0.47). Conclusions: In this study, the Bedouin population suffered from more progressive keratoconus when compared to the Jewish population. CXL was significantly effective in improving BCVA and UCVA in both groups after 12 months of follow-up. The effect size of the origin of patients on the stability of KC was found to be negligible.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life13122294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T03:58:02Z","timestamp":1701403082000},"page":"2294","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Ethnicity, Progressive Keratoconus, and Outcomes after Corneal Cross-Linking in Southern Israel"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jacob A.","family":"Yaffe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva 8457108, Israel"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Science, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8443944, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0202-4853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ran","family":"Matlov Kormas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva 8457108, Israel"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Science, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8443944, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5666-3493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Boris E.","family":"Malyugin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal Institution, Moscow 127486, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, A. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow 127473, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3116-1643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew","family":"Boyko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8457108, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1550-8125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raimo","family":"Tuuminen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helsinki Retina Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Eye Centre, Kymenlaakso Central Hospital, 48210 Kotka, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boris","family":"Knyazer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva 8457108, Israel"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Science, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8443944, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(97)00119-7","article-title":"Keratoconus","volume":"42","author":"Rabinowitz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Surv. 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