{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T19:16:28Z","timestamp":1791227788419,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,23]],"date-time":"2023-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703289600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"WSACS"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: To compare bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)-derived parameters in healthy volunteers and critically ill patients and to assess its prognostic value in an ICU patient cohort. Design: Retrospective, observational data analysis. Setting: Single centre, tertiary-level ICU (Ziekenhuis Netwerk Antwerpen, ZNA Stuivenberg Hospital). Patients: 101 patients and 101 healthy subjects, participants of International Fluid Academy Days. Measurements and main results: Compared to healthy volunteers, both male and female ICU patients had significantly higher values for total body water (TBW), extracellular water (ECW), extracellular fluid (ECF), plasma, and interstitial fluid volumes. The phase angle was significantly lower and the malnutrition index was significantly higher in ICU patients, regardless of gender. Non-survivors in the ICU had significantly higher extracellular water content (ECW, 50.7 \u00b1 5.1 vs. 48.9 \u00b1 4.3%, p = 0.047) and accordingly significantly lower intracellular water (ICW, 49.2 \u00b1 5.1 vs. 51.1 \u00b1 4.3%, p = 0.047). The malnutrition index was also significantly higher in non-survivors compared to survivors (0.94 \u00b1 0.17 vs. 0.87 \u00b1 0.16, p = 0.048), as was the capillary leak index (ECW\/ICW). Conclusions: Compared to healthy volunteers, this study observed a higher malnutrition index and TBW in ICU patients with an accumulation of fluids in the extracellular compartment. ICU non-survivors showed similar results, indicating that ICU patients and a fortiori non-survivors are generally overhydrated, with increased TBW and ECW, and more undernourished, as indicated by a higher malnutrition index.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life14010027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,24]],"date-time":"2023-12-24T20:44:15Z","timestamp":1703450655000},"page":"27","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Comparison of Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA)-Derived Parameters in Healthy Volunteers and Critically Ill Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8089-8601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robbert","family":"Cleymaet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oromaxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marvin","family":"D\u2019Hondt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oromaxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Scheinok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital Brussels (UZB), 1090 Jette, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Malbrain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University School of Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KUL), 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inneke","family":"De Laet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Ziekenhuis Netwerk Antwerpen, ZNA Stuivenberg, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Schoonheydt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Ziekenhuis Netwerk Antwerpen, ZNA Stuivenberg, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hilde","family":"Dits","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Ziekenhuis Netwerk Antwerpen, ZNA Stuivenberg, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niels","family":"Van Regenmortel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Ziekenhuis Netwerk Antwerpen, ZNA Stuivenberg, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5437-1689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Mekeirele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Brussels (UZB), 1090 Jette, Belgium"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Jette, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colin","family":"Cordemans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care, AZ Sint-Maria Hospital, 1500 Halle, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Minini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Brussels (UZB), 1090 Jette, Belgium"},{"name":"School of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita, Insubria University, 21100 Varese, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Severgnini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita, Insubria University, 21100 Varese, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Anestesia e Rianimazione Cardiologica, ASST dei Sette Laghi, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, 21100 Varese, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0449-2375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wojciech","family":"Dabrowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Medical University Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4968-7328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrian","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Jette, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Anaesthesia, King\u2019s College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1816-5255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manu L. 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