{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:40:29Z","timestamp":1760143229721,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]],"date-time":"2024-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705536000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG))","award":["ES 442\/1-1","RA 2187\/4-1","EFRE-0400355"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ES 442\/1-1","RA 2187\/4-1","EFRE-0400355"]}]},{"name":"NRW-Patent-Validierung","award":["ES 442\/1-1","RA 2187\/4-1","EFRE-0400355"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ES 442\/1-1","RA 2187\/4-1","EFRE-0400355"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Consideration of the individual carpal bone characteristics of the wrist plays a key role in well-functioning biomedical devices and successful surgical procedures. Although geometric differences and individual bone sizes have been analyzed in the literature, detailed morphologic descriptions and correlations covering the entire wrist reported in a clinical context are lacking. This study aimed to perform a comprehensive and automatic analysis of the wrist morphology using the freely available \u201cOpen Source Carpal Database\u201d (OSCD). We quantified the size of each of the individual carpal bones and their combination. These sizes were extracted in n = 117 datasets of the wrist of the OSCD in anatomical directions and analyzed using descriptive statics and correlation analysis to investigate the morphological characteristics under sex-specific aspects and to provide regression plots and equations to predict individual carpal bone sizes from the proximal and distal row dimensions. The correlations in the proximal row were higher compared to the distal row. We established comprehensive size correlations and size rations and found that there exist statistical differences between sex, particularly of the scaphoid. The regression plots and equations we provided will assist surgeons in a more accurate preoperative morphological evaluation for therapy planning and may be used for future anatomically inspired orthopedic biomedical device designs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life14010140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]],"date-time":"2024-01-18T06:41:22Z","timestamp":1705560082000},"page":"140","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sex-Specific Size Analysis of Carpal Bones: Implications for Orthopedic Biomedical Device Design and Therapy Planning"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Malte","family":"Asseln","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomechanical Engineering, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valentin","family":"Quack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Trauma, and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9431-0637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roman","family":"Michalik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Trauma, and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bj\u00f6rn","family":"Rath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Klinikum Wels-Grieskirchen, 4600 Wels, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Hildebrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Trauma, and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7220-1221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filippo","family":"Migliorini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Trauma, and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Academic Hospital of Bolzano, 39100 Bolzano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rg","family":"Eschweiler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Hospital Bergmannstrost, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"2001","article-title":"Applications of general morphological analysis","volume":"4","author":"Ritchey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Morphol. 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