{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T11:20:14Z","timestamp":1774264814539,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]],"date-time":"2024-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hungarian National Research, Development and Innovation Office","award":["NKFIH K 124131"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NKFIH K 124131"]}]},{"name":"statutory research of the Institute of Plant Physiology PAS","award":["NKFIH K 124131"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NKFIH K 124131"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>High temperatures associated with climate change may increase the severity of plant diseases. This study investigated the effect of heat shock treatment on host and non-host barley powdery mildew interactions using brassinosteroid (BR) mutants of barley. Brassinosteroids are plant steroid hormones, but so far little is known about their role in plant-fungal interactions. Wild type barley cultivar Bowman and its near-isogenic lines with disturbances in BR biosynthesis or signalling showed high compatibility to barley powdery mildew race A6, while cultivar Delisa and its BR-deficient mutants 522DK and 527DK were fully incompatible with this pathogen (host plant-pathogen interactions). On the other hand, Bowman and its mutants were highly resistant to wheat powdery mildew, representing non-host plant-pathogen interactions. Heat pre-treatment induced shifts in these plant-pathogen interactions towards higher susceptibility. In agreement with the more severe disease symptoms, light microscopy showed a decrease in papillae formation and hypersensitive response, characteristic of incompatible interactions, when heat pre-treatment was applied. Mutant 527DK, but not 522DK, maintained high resistance to barley powdery mildew race A6 despite heat pre-treatment. By 10 days after heat treatment and infection, a noticeable shift became apparent in the chlorophyll a fluorescence and in various leaf reflectance parameters at all genotypes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life14010160","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]],"date-time":"2024-01-22T11:36:41Z","timestamp":1705923401000},"page":"160","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Heat Pre-Treatment Modified Host and Non-Host Interactions of Powdery Mildew with Barley Brassinosteroid Mutants and Wild Types"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1699-5842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Rys","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek G\u00f3rski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Saja-Garbarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek G\u00f3rski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00f3zsef","family":"Fodor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, HUN-REN, Herman Ott\u00f3 \u00fat 15, 1022 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jakub","family":"Oliwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biology and Earth Sciences, University of the National Education Commission, Krakow, Podchor\u0105\u017cych 2, 31-054 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G\u00e1bor","family":"Gullner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, HUN-REN, Herman Ott\u00f3 \u00fat 15, 1022 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Csilla","family":"Juh\u00e1sz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, HUN-REN, Herman Ott\u00f3 \u00fat 15, 1022 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9945-3322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrzej","family":"Korna\u015b","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biology and Earth Sciences, University of the National Education Commission, Krakow, Podchor\u0105\u017cych 2, 31-054 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrzej","family":"Skoczowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek G\u00f3rski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Krakow, Poland"},{"name":"Institute of Biology and Earth Sciences, University of the National Education Commission, Krakow, Podchor\u0105\u017cych 2, 31-054 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9544-6106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Damian","family":"Gruszka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6584-3250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Janeczko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek G\u00f3rski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bal\u00e1zs","family":"Barna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, HUN-REN, Herman Ott\u00f3 \u00fat 15, 1022 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"RG4004","DOI":"10.1029\/2010RG000345","article-title":"Global surface temperature change","volume":"48","author":"Hansen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev. 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