{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T17:17:23Z","timestamp":1790702243996,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]],"date-time":"2024-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705968000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Project","award":["XTCX-KJ-2023-44"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XTCX-KJ-2023-44"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Project","award":["32201251"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32201251"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Project","award":["Basic scientific research project of Naval Medical University"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Basic scientific research project of Naval Medical University"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["XTCX-KJ-2023-44"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XTCX-KJ-2023-44"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32201251"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32201251"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Basic scientific research project of Naval Medical University"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Basic scientific research project of Naval Medical University"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Basic scientific research project of Naval Medical University","award":["XTCX-KJ-2023-44"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XTCX-KJ-2023-44"]}]},{"name":"Basic scientific research project of Naval Medical University","award":["32201251"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32201251"]}]},{"name":"Basic scientific research project of Naval Medical University","award":["Basic scientific research project of Naval Medical University"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Basic scientific research project of Naval Medical University"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Histamine receptor antagonists, which can bind to specific histamine receptors on target cells, exhibit substantial therapeutic efficacy in managing a variety of histamine-mediated disorders. Notably, histamine H1 and H2 receptor antagonists have been extensively investigated and universally acknowledged as recommended treatment agents for numerous allergic diseases and acid-related disorders, respectively. Historically, the combination of H1 and H2 receptor antagonists has been considered a classic treatment strategy, demonstrating relatively superior efficacy compared with single-drug therapies in the treatment of diverse histamine-mediated diseases. The latest emerging studies have additionally suggested the underlying roles of histamine and H1R and H2R in the development of anxiety disorders, arthritic diseases, and postexercise hypotension. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of systematic reviews on the clinical efficacy of combination therapy, greatly limiting our understanding of its clinical application. Here, we present a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge and perspectives regarding the combination of H1 and H2 histamine receptor antagonists in various histamine-mediated disorders. Furthermore, we critically analyze the adverse effects and limitations associated with combination therapy while suggesting potential solutions. Our review can offer a systematic summary and promising insights into the in-depth and effective application of the combination of H1 and H2 receptor antagonists.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life14020164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]],"date-time":"2024-01-23T04:17:40Z","timestamp":1705983460000},"page":"164","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Combination of H1 and H2 Histamine Receptor Antagonists: Current Knowledge and Perspectives of a Classic Treatment Strategy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8694-2219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erwen","family":"Kou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200052, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaobei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200052, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baiping","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200052, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200052, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanjie","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200052, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.114.010249","article-title":"International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. XCVIII. Histamine Receptors","volume":"67","author":"Panula","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"45","article-title":"Distribution, properties, and functional characteristics of three classes of histamine receptor","volume":"42","author":"Hill","year":"1990","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2004.061762","article-title":"Selective expression of histamine receptors H1R, H2R, and H4R, but not H3R, in the human intestinal tract","volume":"55","author":"Sander","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2006.11.008","article-title":"The histamine H4 receptor: A novel modulator of inflammatory and immune disorders","volume":"113","author":"Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.09.005","article-title":"Histamine and H1-antihistamines: Celebrating a century of progress","volume":"128","author":"Simons","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01873","article-title":"The Role of Histamine and Histamine Receptors in Mast Cell-Mediated Allergy and Inflammation: The Hunt for New Therapeutic Targets","volume":"9","author":"Thangam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.06.027","article-title":"Potential Therapeutic Approaches for Chronic Urticaria: Beyond H1-Antihistamines and Biologics","volume":"11","author":"Zuberbier","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Pract."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5874","DOI":"10.1039\/C9RA10659F","article-title":"Synthesis of anti-allergic drugs","volume":"10","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.12.077","article-title":"An assessment of the use of antihistamines in the management of atopic dermatitis","volume":"79","author":"He","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"Cd002095","article-title":"Short-term treatment with proton pump inhibitors, H2-receptor antagonists and prokinetics for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease-like symptoms and endoscopy negative reflux disease","volume":"5","author":"Numans","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(05)80881-9","article-title":"Histamine antagonists in the treatment of acute allergic reactions","volume":"21","author":"Runge","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(00)43749-2","article-title":"Improved outcomes in patients with acute allergic syndromes who are treated with combined H1 and H2 antagonists","volume":"36","author":"Lin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-198109000-00019","article-title":"The use of H1 and H2 histamine antagonists with morphine anesthesia: A double-blind study","volume":"55","author":"Philbin","year":"1981","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1159\/000233854","article-title":"Prevention of anaphylactoid reactions after radiographic contrast media infusion by combined histamine H1- and H2-receptor antagonists: Results of a prospective controlled trial","volume":"78","author":"Ring","year":"1985","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"785","article-title":"Management of idiopathic urticaria with H1 + H2 antagonists. A crossover double blind long-term study","volume":"58","author":"Diller","year":"1983","journal-title":"Z. Hautkrankh."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2006.09.019","article-title":"The effects of histaminergic agents in the dorsal hippocampus of rats in the elevated plus-maze test of anxiety","volume":"85","author":"Zarrindast","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29898","article-title":"Blocking H1\/H2 histamine receptors inhibits damage\/fibrosis in Mdr2(\u2212\/\u2212) mice and human cholangiocarcinoma tumorigenesis","volume":"68","author":"Kennedy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1159\/000247526","article-title":"Systemic mastocytosis treated with histamine H1 and H2 receptor antagonists","volume":"184","author":"Falk","year":"1992","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101942","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2020.101942","article-title":"Dual-histamine receptor blockade with cetirizine\u2014Famotidine reduces pulmonary symptoms in COVID-19 patients","volume":"63","author":"Cannon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pulm. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2273.1996.tb01085.x","article-title":"Histamine and the nasal vasculature: The influence of H1 and H2-histamine receptor antagonism","volume":"21","author":"Lau","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin. Otolaryngol. Allied Sci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489609137720","article-title":"Effect of H1 and H2 antagonists on nasal symptoms and mediator release in atopic patients after nasal allergen challenge during the pollen season","volume":"116","author":"Wang","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Oto-Laryngol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1993.tb07584.x","article-title":"The influence of the H1 and H2 receptor antagonists, terfenadine and ranitidine on the hypotensive and gastric pH effects of the histamine releasing drugs, morphine and tubocurarine","volume":"48","author":"Treuren","year":"1993","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00981123","article-title":"Treatment of chronic urticaria with terfenadine and ranitidine. A randomized double-blind study in 45 patients","volume":"31","author":"Paul","year":"1986","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1159\/000201351","article-title":"Evidence for a regulatory role for histamine in gastric enterochromaffin-like cell proliferation induced by hypergastrinemia","volume":"57","author":"Modlin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2019-0645","article-title":"Effects of combined histamine H1 and H2 receptor blockade on hemodynamic responses to dynamic exercise in males with high-normal blood pressure","volume":"45","author":"Naylor","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00441.2006","article-title":"H1 and H2 receptors mediate postexercise hyperemia in sedentary and endurance exercise-trained men and women","volume":"101","author":"McCord","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1159\/000115100","article-title":"Therapy of cluster headache with histamine H1 and H2 receptor antagonists","volume":"18","author":"Cuypers","year":"1979","journal-title":"Eur. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.3109\/09546634.2013.800183","article-title":"Retrospective cohort study on combination therapy with the histamine H2-receptor antagonist lafutidine for antihistamine-resistant chronic urticaria","volume":"24","author":"Ogawa","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Treat."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S43","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.1990.tb02460.x","article-title":"H1- and H2-antagonists in allergic and pseudoallergic diseases","volume":"20","author":"Ring","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Allergy"},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"444","article-title":"Treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria with an inadequate response to H1-antihistamine","volume":"154","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ital. J. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2019.02.002","article-title":"Mast Cell Activation Syndrome and Mastocytosis: Initial Treatment Options and Long-Term Management","volume":"7","author":"Castells","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Pract."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-022-08932-2","article-title":"Premedication Protocols to Prevent Hypersensitivity Reactions to Chemotherapy: A Literature Review","volume":"62","author":"ALMuhizi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Rev. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e3182970490","article-title":"A randomized clinical trial of histamine 2 receptor antagonism in treatment-resistant schizophrenia","volume":"33","author":"Meskanen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3290","DOI":"10.1002\/art.34554","article-title":"Histamine contributes to increased RANKL to osteoprotegerin ratio through altered nuclear receptor 4A activity in human chondrocytes","volume":"64","author":"Marzaioli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2000.107600","article-title":"Histamine and tryptase levels in patients with acute allergic reactions: An emergency department-based study","volume":"106","author":"Lin","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"e46536","article-title":"Pseudo-Allergies in the Emergency Department: A Common Misdiagnosis of Hypersensitivity Type 1 Allergic Reaction","volume":"15","author":"Eraky","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"30","article-title":"Management of acute anaphylaxis in clinical practice in the context of the guidelines","volume":"66","author":"Cmorej","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Mikrobiol. Imunol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2120166","article-title":"Chronic Urticaria","volume":"387","author":"Lang","year":"2022","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iac.2013.09.011","article-title":"Urticaria: Impact on quality of life and economic cost","volume":"34","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunol. Allergy Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15090","article-title":"The international EAACI\/GA2LEN\/EuroGuiDerm\/APAAACI guideline for the definition, classification, diagnosis, and management of urticaria","volume":"77","author":"Zuberbier","year":"2022","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.4168\/aair.2017.9.5.438","article-title":"Epidemiology of Chronic Urticaria in Korea Using the Korean Health Insurance Database, 2010\u20132014","volume":"9","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1007\/s11655-016-2533-y","article-title":"Evidence-based therapies of Chinese medicine for chronic urticaria: Where do we stand and where are we going?","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chin. J. Integr. Med."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.02.036","article-title":"The diagnosis and management of acute and chronic urticaria: 2014 update","volume":"133","author":"Bernstein","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.1978.tb01493.x","article-title":"Treatment of chronic idiopathic urticaria with combined H1 and H2 blockers","volume":"8","author":"Phanuphak","year":"1978","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Allergy"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1984.tb05706.x","article-title":"H2 blockers in chronic urticaria","volume":"23","author":"Singh","year":"1984","journal-title":"Int. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2019.03.011","article-title":"Mast cells: A double-edged sword in cancer","volume":"209","author":"Derakhshani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S140","DOI":"10.1159\/000440826","article-title":"Malignancies in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis\u2014A Continuing Threat","volume":"33","author":"Bonato","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dig. Dis."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.01.040","article-title":"Diagnosis and classification of primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"13","author":"Yimam","year":"2014","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28704","article-title":"Inhibition of mast cell-secreted histamine decreases biliary proliferation and fibrosis in primary sclerosing cholangitis Mdr2(\u2212\/\u2212) mice","volume":"64","author":"Jones","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2015.09.016","article-title":"Inhibition of Mast Cell-Derived Histamine Decreases Human Cholangiocarcinoma Growth and Differentiation via c-Kit\/Stem Cell Factor-Dependent Signaling","volume":"186","author":"Johnson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2011-300007","article-title":"Inhibition of histidine decarboxylase ablates the autocrine tumorigenic effects of histamine in human cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"61","author":"Francis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2011.158","article-title":"Histamine stimulates the proliferation of small and large cholangiocytes by activation of both IP3\/Ca2+ and cAMP-dependent signaling mechanisms","volume":"92","author":"Francis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lab. Investig."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G205","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00212.2018","article-title":"Distinct roles of histamine H1- and H2-receptor signaling pathways in inflammation-associated colonic tumorigenesis","volume":"316","author":"Shi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol.-Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathmechdis-031521-042618","article-title":"New Insights into the Pathogenesis of Mastocytosis: Emerging Concepts in Diagnosis and Therapy","volume":"18","author":"Valent","year":"2023","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2021068","DOI":"10.4084\/MJHID.2021.068","article-title":"Systemic Mastocytosis: Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":"13","author":"Zanotti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mediterr. J. Hematol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8588(05)70301-4","article-title":"Treatment of systemic mast cell disorders","volume":"14","author":"Worobec","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hematol. Oncol. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2002032","article-title":"Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China","volume":"382","author":"Guan","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2020.02.008","article-title":"Analysis of therapeutic targets for SARS-CoV-2 and discovery of potential drugs by computational methods","volume":"10","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shaffer, L. (2020). 15 drugs being tested to treat COVID-19 and how they would work. Nat. Med.","DOI":"10.1038\/d41591-020-00019-9"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101989","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2021.101989","article-title":"Antihistamines and azithromycin as a treatment for COVID-19 on primary health care\u2014A retrospective observational study in elderly patients","volume":"67","author":"Homma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pulm. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nurpra.2021.12.016","article-title":"Antihistamines for Postacute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection","volume":"18","author":"Pinto","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Nurse Pract."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020-022-00483-8","article-title":"Famotidine activates the vagus nerve inflammatory reflex to attenuate cytokine storm","volume":"28","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3309","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15454","article-title":"Update on pathomechanisms and treatments in allergic rhinitis","volume":"77","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1080\/00325481.1992.11701179","article-title":"Allergic rhinitis. Measures to control the misery","volume":"91","author":"Ziering","year":"1992","journal-title":"Postgrad. Med."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12350","article-title":"International Consensus on drug allergy","volume":"69","author":"Demoly","year":"2014","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/S0254-6272(13)60085-0","article-title":"Experimental study on anaphylaxis of qingkailing injection and its components on Beagle dogs","volume":"32","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Tradit. Chin. Med."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"v23","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdq244","article-title":"Newly diagnosed and relapsed epithelial ovarian carcinoma: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up","volume":"21","author":"Colombo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2006.04.002","article-title":"Evaluation of the incidence of carboplatin hypersensitivity reactions in cancer patients","volume":"103","author":"Navo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gynecol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.1739","article-title":"Adjunct Histamine Blockers as Premedications to Prevent Carboplatin Hypersensitivity Reactions","volume":"36","author":"Mach","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-911X(199602)26:2<105::AID-MPO7>3.0.CO;2-P","article-title":"Successful desensitization to carboplatin in patients with systemic hypersensitivity reactions","volume":"26","author":"Broome","year":"1996","journal-title":"Med. Pediatr. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-197301000-00012","article-title":"Hemodynamic effects of morphine and morphine-nitrous oxide in valvular heart disease and coronary-artery disease","volume":"38","author":"Stoelting","year":"1973","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2489","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1983.03330420035030","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of chymopapain (Chymodiactin) in herniated nucleus pulposus with sciatica. Results of a randomized, double-blind study","volume":"249","author":"Javid","year":"1983","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20160647","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20160647","article-title":"General anaesthesia for patients with a history of a contrast medium-induced anaphylaxis: A useful prophylaxis?","volume":"90","author":"Boehm","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br. J. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.13402","article-title":"Idiopathic anaphylaxis","volume":"49","author":"Martini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Allergy"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00005200","article-title":"Improvement by FUB 181, a novel histamine H3-receptor antagonist, of learning and memory in the elevated plus-maze test in mice","volume":"357","author":"Onodera","year":"1998","journal-title":"Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(04)00735-5","article-title":"Epidemiology and genetics of cluster headache","volume":"3","author":"Russell","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-019-0984-1","article-title":"Histamine and migraine revisited: Mechanisms and possible drug targets","volume":"20","author":"Worm","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Headache Pain"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.56.6.735","article-title":"Recovery from schizophrenia: A concept in search of research","volume":"56","author":"Liberman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Serv."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.120.000063","article-title":"Characterization of Stressed Transgenic Mice Overexpressing H2-Histamine Receptors in the Heart","volume":"374","author":"Gergs","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(85)80167-4","article-title":"Histamine-induced spasm not significantly modulated by prostanoids in a swine model of coronary artery spasm","volume":"6","author":"Shimokawa","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.05.069","article-title":"Impact of blockade of histamine H2 receptors on chronic heart failure revealed by retrospective and prospective randomized studies","volume":"48","author":"Kim","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2029","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.06.078","article-title":"Is Histamine H2 Receptor a Real Promising Target for Prevention or Treatment of Heart Failure?","volume":"68","author":"He","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1990.153","article-title":"Hemodynamic effects of different H2-receptor antagonists","volume":"48","author":"Hinrichsen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00227351","article-title":"Haemodynamic effects of roxatidine, an H2-receptor antagonist","volume":"70","author":"Halabi","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.77.1.206","article-title":"Functional identification of histamine H3-receptors in the human heart","volume":"77","author":"Imamura","year":"1995","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2007.01.001","article-title":"Histamine H3-receptor signaling in cardiac sympathetic nerves: Identification of a novel MAPK-PLA2-COX-PGE2-EP3R pathway","volume":"73","author":"Levi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_87","first-page":"239","article-title":"Disruption of histamine\/H3 receptor signal reduces collagen deposition in cultures scar myofibroblasts","volume":"70","author":"Piera","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15862","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.15862","article-title":"The effects of high-intensity exercise training and detraining with and without active recovery on postexercise hypotension in young men","volume":"11","author":"Lei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Physiol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2004.080325","article-title":"H1 receptor-mediated vasodilatation contributes to postexercise hypotension","volume":"563","author":"Lockwood","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.116.104752","article-title":"The Histamine H3 Receptor: Structure, Pharmacology, and Function","volume":"90","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harwell, V., and Fasinu, P.S. (2020). Pitolisant and Other Histamine-3 Receptor Antagonists-An Update on Therapeutic Potentials and Clinical Prospects. Medicines, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicines7090055"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-020-00703-x","article-title":"Pitolisant: A Review in Narcolepsy with or without Cataplexy","volume":"34","author":"Lamb","year":"2020","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108311","article-title":"Drugs for patients with epilepsy and excessive daytime sleepiness","volume":"124","author":"Zaccara","year":"2021","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav."}],"container-title":["Life"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1729\/14\/2\/164\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T13:47:36Z","timestamp":1760104056000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1729\/14\/2\/164"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]]},"references-count":93,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["life14020164"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/life14020164","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-1729"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-1729","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]]}}}