{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:43:49Z","timestamp":1760143429333,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]],"date-time":"2024-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>During the last decades, a growing number of studies have shown that infections during pregnancy have an important impact on both pregnant women and their fetuses. Our goal was to include newborns from pregnancies with SARS-CoV-2 infection and to investigate the extension of neonatal complications using cardiac, abdominal, and cerebral ultrasonography; hearing testing; and indirect ophthalmoscopy. Likewise, neonates whose mothers were vaccinated against COVID-19 during pregnancy and those from pathology-free pregnancies were examined. A total of 458 mother\u2013newborn dyads were included over a period of 10 months and divided into three groups: the COVID-19 group, vaccine group, and control group. Although six cardiac malformations were found in the COVID-19 group, no correlation was made compared to the vaccine and control group (p = 0.07). Grade 1 intraventricular hemorrhage and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy were the most prevalent among neonates from mothers with SARS-CoV-2 infection (p = 0.002 and p &lt; 0.001, respectively). The kidney anomaly found to be most frequent in this group was grade 1 unilateral hydronephrosis (p &lt; 0.001). COVID-19 disease during the gestational period had no effect on the auditory or visual function. Our findings highlight the importance of implementing proper infection control practices for future mothers, and by continuing to investigate this topic, we can gather valuable insights that will improve neonatal health in this context.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life14020224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]],"date-time":"2024-02-05T08:41:43Z","timestamp":1707122503000},"page":"224","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["How Much Does SARS-CoV-2 Infection during Pregnancy Affect the Neonatal Brain, Heart, and Kidney? A Parallel between COVID-19, Vaccination, and Normal Pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4986-8025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela Eugenia","family":"Popescu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, \u201cVictor Babe\u015f\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Premiere Hospital, Regina Maria Health Network, Calea Aradului, No. 113, 300645 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Maria Cristina","family":"Jura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, \u201cVictor Babe\u015f\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dana","family":"\u0218tiube","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Premiere Hospital, Regina Maria Health Network, Calea Aradului, No. 113, 300645 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5796-4028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrian","family":"Ciulpan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Florina","family":"Stoica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Emergency Municipal Clinical Hospital, Gheorghe Dima Street 5, 300254 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simona Ioana","family":"\u0218ipo\u0219","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, \u2018Victor Babes\u2019 University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3730-6527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cosmin","family":"C\u00eetu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, \u201cVictor Babe\u015f\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8882-7381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florin","family":"Gorun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, \u201cVictor Babe\u015f\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M\u0103rioara","family":"Boia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, \u201cVictor Babe\u015f\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2020.02.017","article-title":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Pregnancy: What Obstetricians Need to Know","volume":"222","author":"Rasmussen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000004320","article-title":"Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes among Individuals with and without Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)","volume":"137","author":"Huntley","year":"2021","journal-title":"Obs. 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Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100954","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100954","article-title":"Validation of a Rapid Antigen Test as a Screening Tool for SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Asymptomatic Populations. Sensitivity, Specificity and Predictive Values","volume":"37","author":"Argemi","year":"2021","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s41512-021-00116-4","article-title":"Examining the Effect of Evaluation Sample Size on the Sensitivity and Specificity of COVID-19 Diagnostic Tests in Practice: A Simulation Study","volume":"6","author":"Reynard","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diagn. Progn. Res."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.23220","article-title":"Post-COVID-19 Fetal Cardiac Evaluation in Moderate Infection Group of Pregnant Women","volume":"50","author":"Turgut","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Ultrasound"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.28982\/josam.7293","article-title":"Evaluation of Neurological and Cardiac Development of Newborn Infants Born to Mothers Infected with COVID-19","volume":"6","author":"Ayar","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Surg. Med."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1177\/2150135120950256","article-title":"Neonates with Complex Cardiac Malformation and Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Born to SARS-CoV-2 Positive Women\u2014A Single Center Experience","volume":"11","author":"Goldshtrom","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J. Pediatr. Congenit. Heart Surg."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"281","article-title":"Association of Assisted Reproductive Technology with the Risk of Congenital Heart Defects: A 5-Year Retrospective Study\u2014Experience from a Tertiary Maternity Hospital in Bucharest","volume":"6","author":"Turenschi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol. Res."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinsp.2022.100136","article-title":"Clinical Characteristics and Evolution of 71 Neonates Born to Mothers with COVID-19 at a Tertiary Center in Brazil","volume":"77","author":"Duarte","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clinics"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1111\/echo.15367","article-title":"Decreased Fetal Cardiac Output in Pregnant Women with Severe SARS-Cov-2 Infection","volume":"39","author":"Turgut","year":"2022","journal-title":"Echocardiography"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"226","article-title":"EP32.12: The Impact of Maternal COVID-19 during Pregnancy on the Fetal Heart: Does It Cause Subclinical Postnatal Echocardiographic Myocardial Dysfunction?","volume":"60","author":"Yaniv","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obs. 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Pediatr."}],"container-title":["Life"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1729\/14\/2\/224\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T13:55:18Z","timestamp":1760104518000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1729\/14\/2\/224"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["life14020224"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/life14020224","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-1729"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2075-1729"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]]}}}