{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T01:16:13Z","timestamp":1789434973727,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707436800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science and Technology Council","award":["MOST 111-2320-B-016-015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 111-2320-B-016-015"]}]},{"name":"National Science and Technology Council","award":["NSTC 112-2314-B-016-023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 112-2314-B-016-023"]}]},{"name":"National Science and Technology Council","award":["CMNDMC11108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMNDMC11108"]}]},{"name":"National Science and Technology Council","award":["CMNDMC11206"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMNDMC11206"]}]},{"name":"National Science and Technology Council","award":["MND-MAB-D-112115"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MND-MAB-D-112115"]}]},{"name":"National Science and Technology Council","award":["MND-MAB-D-113078"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MND-MAB-D-113078"]}]},{"name":"Chi Mei Medical Center","award":["MOST 111-2320-B-016-015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 111-2320-B-016-015"]}]},{"name":"Chi Mei Medical Center","award":["NSTC 112-2314-B-016-023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 112-2314-B-016-023"]}]},{"name":"Chi Mei Medical Center","award":["CMNDMC11108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMNDMC11108"]}]},{"name":"Chi Mei Medical Center","award":["CMNDMC11206"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMNDMC11206"]}]},{"name":"Chi Mei Medical Center","award":["MND-MAB-D-112115"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MND-MAB-D-112115"]}]},{"name":"Chi Mei Medical Center","award":["MND-MAB-D-113078"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MND-MAB-D-113078"]}]},{"name":"Medical Affairs Bureau","award":["MOST 111-2320-B-016-015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 111-2320-B-016-015"]}]},{"name":"Medical Affairs Bureau","award":["NSTC 112-2314-B-016-023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 112-2314-B-016-023"]}]},{"name":"Medical Affairs Bureau","award":["CMNDMC11108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMNDMC11108"]}]},{"name":"Medical Affairs Bureau","award":["CMNDMC11206"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMNDMC11206"]}]},{"name":"Medical Affairs Bureau","award":["MND-MAB-D-112115"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MND-MAB-D-112115"]}]},{"name":"Medical Affairs Bureau","award":["MND-MAB-D-113078"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MND-MAB-D-113078"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The development of severe multidrug-resistant bacterial infections has recently intensified because of the COVID-19 pandemic. According to the guidelines issued by the World Health Organization (WHO), routine antibiotic administration is not recommended for patients with supposed or confirmed mild SARS-CoV-2 infection or pneumonia, unless bacterial infection is clinically suspected. However, recent studies have pointed out that the proportion of non-essential antibiotic use in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 remains high. Therefore, the silent pandemic of antibiotic resistance remains a pressing issue regardless of the present threats presented by the COVID-19 pandemic. To prevent or delay entry into the postulated post-antibiotic era, the long-term advocacy for the rational use of antibiotics, the optimization of infection control procedures, and the development of new antibacterial agents and vaccines should be underscored as vital practices of the antibacterial toolbox. Recently, the development of vaccines and monoclonal antibodies has gradually received attention following the advancement of biotechnology as well as enhanced drug discovery and development in cancer research. Although decent progress has been made in laboratory-based research and promising results have been obtained following clinical trials of some of these products, challenges still exist in their widespread clinical applications. This article describes the current advantages of antibacterial monoclonal antibodies, the development of associated clinical trials, and some perceived future perspectives and challenges. Further, we anticipate the development of more therapeutic agents to combat drug-resistant bacterial infections as well as to increase the resilience of current or novel agents\/strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life14020246","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T11:42:05Z","timestamp":1707478925000},"page":"246","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Monoclonal Antibodies as a Therapeutic Strategy against Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Infections in a Post-COVID-19 Era"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Hsiao-Chun","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Ling","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department and Graduate Institute of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6303-5858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department and Graduate Institute of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsung-Hsuan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erh-Tung","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Ting","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2029-7863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ming-Hsien","family":"Chiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department and Graduate Institute of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan"},{"name":"mProbe Taiwan Inc., Taipei City 105037, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30605-4","article-title":"Attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life-years caused by infections with antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the EU and the European Economic Area in 2015: A population-level modelling analysis","volume":"19","author":"Cassini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. 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