{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:52:59Z","timestamp":1787028779614,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":158,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]],"date-time":"2024-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML) is a heterogeneous malignant hematopoietic disease that arises either from an antecedent hematologic disorder (AHD) including myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), aplastic anemia (AA), or as a result of exposure to genotoxic chemotherapeutic agents or radiotherapy (therapy related AML, tAML). sAML is diagnosed when the number of blasts is \u226520% in the bone marrow or peripheral blood, and it is characterized by poor prognosis, resistance to therapy and low overall survival rate. With the recent advances in next generation sequencing technologies, our understanding of the molecular events associated with sAML evolution has significantly increased and opened new perspectives for the development of novel therapies. The genetic aberrations that are associated with sAML affect genes involved in processes such as splicing, chromatin modification and genome integrity. Moreover, non-coding RNAs\u2019 emerged as an important contributing factor to leukemogenesis. For decades, the standard treatment for secondary AML has been the 7 + 3 regimen of cytarabine and daunorubicin which prolongs survival for several months, but modifications in either dosage or delivery has significantly extended that time. Apart from traditional chemotherapy, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, CAR-T cell therapy and small molecule inhibitors have also emerged to treat sAML.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life14030309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]],"date-time":"2024-02-27T11:52:55Z","timestamp":1709034775000},"page":"309","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Recent Advances towards the Understanding of Secondary Acute Myeloid Leukemia Progression"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Scott","family":"Auerbach","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beana","family":"Puka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0519-7087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Upendarrao","family":"Golla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5112-5394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilyas","family":"Chachoua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1894","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69780-8","article-title":"Acute myeloid leukaemia","volume":"368","author":"Estey","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Higgins, A., and Shah, M.V. (2020). Genetic and genomic landscape of secondary and therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia. Genes, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/genes11070749"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2008.17","article-title":"Genetics of therapy-related myelodysplasia and acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"22","author":"Andersen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McMullin, M.F., and Anderson, L.A. (2020). Aetiology of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms. Cancers, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12071810"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1159\/000512929","article-title":"Accelerated Phase of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms","volume":"144","author":"Shahin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Haematol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2239","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61901-7","article-title":"Myelodysplastic syndromes","volume":"383","author":"Itzykson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3109\/07853890.2015.1009156","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of the progression of myelodysplastic syndrome to secondary acute myeloid leukaemia and implication for therapy","volume":"47","author":"Dan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Med."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2019000940","article-title":"Secondary myelodysplastic syndrome and leukemia in acquired aplastic anemia and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria","volume":"136","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1080\/16078454.2019.1642548","article-title":"Pathogenesis of aplastic anemia","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hematology"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1002\/jha2.317","article-title":"The spectrum of genetic mutations in myelodysplastic syndrome: Should we update prognostication?","volume":"3","author":"Cook","year":"2022","journal-title":"eJHaem"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-017-3027-5","article-title":"Individual outcome prediction for myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and secondary acute myeloid leukemia from MDS after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation","volume":"96","author":"Heuser","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0609.2009.01224.x","article-title":"Conventional cytogenetics in myelofibrosis: Literature review and discussion","volume":"82","author":"Hussein","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2594","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V76.12.2594.2594","article-title":"t(3;21)(q26;q22): A recurring chromosomal abnormality in therapy- related myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"76","author":"Rubin","year":"1990","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"395","article-title":"Balanced chromosome abnormalities inv(16) and t(15;17) in therapy-related myelodysplastic syndromes and acute leukemia: Report from an International Workshop \u2020. Genes Chromosom","volume":"33","author":"Andersen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kotsiafti, A., Giannakas, K., Christoforou, P., and Liapis, K. (2023). Progress toward Better Treatment of Therapy-Related AML. Cancers, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15061658"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1007\/s10147-019-01462-6","article-title":"Genetic abnormalities and pathophysiology of MDS","volume":"24","author":"Hosono","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1801","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2009.107","article-title":"Cytogenetic profile of de novo acute myeloid leukemia: A study based on 1432 patients in a single institution of China","volume":"23","author":"Cheng","year":"2009","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e165","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2013.101642","article-title":"Genetic characterization of acquired aplastic anemia by targeted sequencing","volume":"99","author":"Heuser","year":"2014","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.23309","article-title":"Clinical significance of genetic aberrations in secondary acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"87","author":"Milosevic","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3129","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V99.9.3129","article-title":"Distinct clinical outcomes for cytogenetic abnormalities evolving from aplastic anemia","volume":"99","author":"Maciejewski","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2022.103607","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"171","author":"Strickland","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"167","article-title":"Bone Marrow Cytogenetic Abnormalities of Aplastic Anemia","volume":"66","author":"Keung","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V114.22.293.293","article-title":"Monosomal Karyotype Predicts Poor Outcome for MDS\/sAML Patients with Chromosome 7 Abnormalities After Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation for MDS\/sAML. A Study of the MDS Subcommittee of the Chronic Leukemia Working Party of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT)","volume":"114","author":"Schetelig","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-021-00457-9","article-title":"EVI1 dysregulation: Impact on biology and therapy of myeloid malignancies","volume":"11","author":"Birdwell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3581","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2018024018","article-title":"Advanced forms of MPNs are accompanied by chromosomal abnormalities that lead to dysregulation of TP53","volume":"2","author":"Marcellino","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3371","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V112.11.3371.3371","article-title":"Genomic Changes Associated with Leukemic Transformation of Myeloproliferative Disorders","volume":"112","author":"Thoennissen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.24973","article-title":"Impact of gene mutations on treatment response and prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia secondary to myeloproliferative neoplasms","volume":"93","author":"Venton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2019000943","article-title":"Leukemia secondary to myeloproliferative neoplasms","volume":"136","author":"Dunbar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neo.2021.09.002","article-title":"Myelodysplastic syndromes: Biological and therapeutic consequences of the evolving molecular aberrations landscape","volume":"23","author":"Schwind","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neoplasia"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)71142-9","article-title":"Acquired mutation of the tyrosine kinase JAK2 in human myeloproliferative disorders","volume":"365","author":"Baxter","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2005.10.003","article-title":"A JAK2 mutation in myeloproliferative disorders: Pathogenesis and therapeutic and scientific prospects","volume":"11","author":"James","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3472","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-04-018879","article-title":"MPL515 mutations in myeloproliferative and other myeloid disorders: A study of 1182 patients","volume":"108","author":"Pardanani","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pikman, Y., Lee, B.H., Mercher, T., Mcdowell, E., Ebert, B.L., Gozo, M., Cuker, A., Wernig, G., Moore, S., and Galinsky, I. (2006). MPLW515L Is a Novel Somatic Activating Mutation in Myelofibrosis with Myeloid Metaplasia. PLoS Med., 3.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030270"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2391","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1312542","article-title":"Somatic CALR Mutations in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms with Nonmutated JAK2","volume":"369","author":"Nangalia","year":"2013","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2379","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1311347","article-title":"Somatic Mutations of Calreticulin in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms","volume":"369","author":"Klampfl","year":"2013","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2391","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-03-643544","article-title":"The 2016 revision to the World Health Organization classification of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemia","volume":"127","author":"Arber","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2006.12.002","article-title":"Primary myelofibrosis (PMF), post polycythemia vera myelofibrosis (post-PV MF), post essential thrombocythemia myelofibrosis (post-ET MF), blast phase PMF (PMF-BP): Consensus on terminology by the international working group for myelofibrosis research and","volume":"31","author":"Mesa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Leuk. Res."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2015.179","article-title":"Blockade of BCL-2 proteins efficiently induces apoptosis in progenitor cells of high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes patients","volume":"30","author":"Jilg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-018-0334-3","article-title":"Targeting nuclear \u03b2-catenin as therapy for post-myeloproliferative neoplasm secondary AML","volume":"33","author":"Saenz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3932","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V96.12.3932","article-title":"The role of apoptosis, proliferation, and the Bcl-2\u2013related proteins in the myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia secondary to MDS","volume":"96","author":"Parker","year":"2000","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1007\/s11899-015-0269-y","article-title":"Incidence and Burden of the Myelodysplastic Syndromes","volume":"10","author":"Cogle","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Hematol. Malig. Rep."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2017.169862","article-title":"Incidence and outcome of acquired aplastic anemia: Real-world data from patients diagnosed in Sweden from 2000\u20132011","volume":"102","author":"Vaht","year":"2017","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2012.09076.x","article-title":"Outcome of acute myeloid leukaemia following myelodysplastic syndrome after azacitidine treatment failure","volume":"157","author":"Gore","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2022.281233","article-title":"Characterization of therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia: Increasing incidence and prognostic implications","volume":"108","author":"Nilsson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1007\/s12185-016-1942-1","article-title":"TP53 mutations in older adults with acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"103","author":"Yanada","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2015.59","article-title":"Comparable outcomes post allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant for patients with de novo or secondary acute myeloid leukemia in first remission","volume":"50","author":"Michelis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2021.280161","article-title":"The \u201c7 + 3\u201d regimen in acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"107","author":"Rowe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.23908","article-title":"Characterization and prognostic features of secondary acute myeloid leukemia in a population-based setting: A report from the Swedish Acute Leukemia Registry","volume":"90","author":"Nilsson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3641","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2014.60.0890","article-title":"Epidemiology and clinical significance of secondary and therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia: A national population-based cohort study","volume":"33","author":"Medeiros","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2021011304","article-title":"Distinguishing AML from MDS: A fixed blast percentage may no longer be optimal","volume":"139","author":"Estey","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bauer, M., Vaxevanis, C., Al-Ali, K., Jaekel, N., Le, C., Naumann, H., Schaffrath, J., Rau, A., Seliger, B., and Wickenhauser, C. (2021). Altered Spatial Composition of the Immune Cell Repertoire in Association to CD34 + Blasts in Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Secondary Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13020186"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2019004770","article-title":"Clonal hematopoiesis and measurable residual disease assessment in acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"135","author":"Hasserjian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2023.01.006","article-title":"Clonal hematopoiesis driven by chromosome 1q\/MDM4 trisomy defines a canonical route toward leukemia in Fanconi anemia","volume":"30","author":"Sebert","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3371","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-01-763425","article-title":"Clinical significance of somatic mutation in unexplained blood cytopenia","volume":"129","author":"Malcovati","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"EVIDoa2200310","DOI":"10.1056\/EVIDoa2200310","article-title":"Prediction of Risk for Myeloid Malignancy in Clonal Hematopoiesis","volume":"2","author":"Weeks","year":"2023","journal-title":"NEJM Evid."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5584","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2021005974","article-title":"The diagnostic red blood cell distribution width as a prognostic factor in acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"5","author":"Vucinic","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2454","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-03-420489","article-title":"Revised international prognostic scoring system for myelodysplastic syndromes","volume":"120","author":"Greenberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.35.6394","article-title":"New comprehensive cytogenetic scoring system for primary myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and oligoblastic acute myeloid leukemia after MDS derived from an international database merge","volume":"30","author":"Schanz","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-021-04655-0","article-title":"The incidental discovery of a constitutional trisomy 21 mosaicism in an adult female with myelodysplastic\/myeloproliferative neoplasm","volume":"101","author":"Glaser","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mayo Clinic experience with 1123 adults with acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"113","author":"Begna","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4748","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2020002621","article-title":"Comparison of outcomes of HCT in blast phase of BCR-ABL1\u2212 MPN with de novo AML and with AML following MDS","volume":"4","author":"Gupta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"ref_62","unstructured":"Ware, A.D. (2020). Contemporary Practice in Clinical Chemistry, Academic Press."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.15626","article-title":"A novel complete blood count-based score to screen for myelodysplastic syndrome in cytopenic patients","volume":"183","author":"Boutault","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clml.2018.08.020","article-title":"Influence of Blood Count, Cardiovascular Risks, Inherited Thrombophilia, and JAK2 V617F Burden Allele on Type of Thrombosis in Patients with Philadelphia Chromosome Negative Myeloproliferative Neoplasms","volume":"19","author":"Horvat","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk."},{"key":"ref_65","first-page":"456","article-title":"Genetic alteration patterns and clinical outcomes of elderly and secondary acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"37","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-023-01967-0","article-title":"Clinical features and genomic landscape of myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) patients with autoimmune and inflammatory diseases (AID)","volume":"378","author":"Elessa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_67","first-page":"74","article-title":"Myeloid disorders after autoimmune disease. Best Pract","volume":"32","author":"Boddu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Res. Clin. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-023-01480-1","article-title":"Single-cell multi-omics identifies chronic inflammation as a driver of TP53-mutant leukemic evolution","volume":"55","author":"Norfo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/s11899-019-00508-w","article-title":"Key Role of Inflammation in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: Instigator of Disease Initiation, Progression. and Symptoms","volume":"14","author":"Blackmon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Hematol. Malig. Rep."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4401874","article-title":"Targeting NF-\u03baB in hematologic malignancies","volume":"13","author":"Braun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabl8952","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abl8952","article-title":"The role of the atypical chemokine receptor CCRL2 in myelodysplastic syndrome and secondary acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"8","author":"Karantanos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3144","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-01-621631","article-title":"IL8-CXCR2 pathway inhibition as a therapeutic strategy against MDS and AML stem cells","volume":"125","author":"Schinke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5023","DOI":"10.2147\/OTT.S105862","article-title":"PD-L1 expression in human cancers and its association with clinical outcomes","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Onco Targets Ther."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2015","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-019-02420-x","article-title":"Tumor genetic alterations and features of the immune microenvironment drive myelodysplastic syndrome escape and progression","volume":"68","author":"Montes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Immunother."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.26461","article-title":"PD-L1 overexpression correlates with JAK2-V617F mutational burden and is associated with 9p uniparental disomy in myeloproliferative neoplasms","volume":"97","author":"Schischlik","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Palumbo, G.A., Parrinello, N.L., Giallongo, C., D\u2019amico, E., Zangh\u00ec, A., Puglisi, F., Conticello, C., Chiarenza, A., Tibullo, D., and Di Raimondo, F. (2019). Monocytic Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells in Hematological Malignancies. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20215459"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2152998","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2022.2152998","article-title":"Biglycan as a mediator of proinflammatory response and target for MDS and sAML therapy","volume":"12","author":"Vaxevanis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rontauroli, S., Carretta, C., Parenti, S., Bertesi, M., and Manfredini, R. (2022). Novel Molecular Insights into Leukemic Evolution of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: A Single Cell Perspective. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232315256"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.3904\/kjim.2020.014","article-title":"Leukemic stem cell phenotype is associated with mutational profile in acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"36","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"Korean J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_80","first-page":"206","article-title":"Ratio of stemness to interferon signalling as a biomarker and therapeutic target of myeloproliferative neoplasm progression to acute myeloid leukaemia","volume":"204","author":"Mehdipour","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1158\/2643-3230.BCD-21-0128","article-title":"Distinct Patterns of Clonal Evolution Drive Myelodysplastic Syndrome Progression to Secondary Acute Myeloid Leukemia","volume":"3","author":"Guess","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood Cancer Discov."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2864-x","article-title":"Single cell mutation analysis of clonal evolution in myeloid malignancies","volume":"587","author":"Miles","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2022017578","article-title":"Genetic basis and molecular profiling in myeloproliferative neoplasms","volume":"141","author":"Kralovics","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4887","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2020002271","article-title":"Leukemic evolution of polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia: Genomic profiles predict time to transformation","volume":"4","author":"Paz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3742","article-title":"Dynamics of clonal evolution in myelodysplastic syndromes","volume":"49","author":"Makishima","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1002\/gcc.22784","article-title":"Mutations in spliceosome genes and therapeutic opportunities in myeloid malignancies","volume":"58","author":"Taylor","year":"2019","journal-title":"Genes Chromosom. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2012.064048","article-title":"Spliceosomal gene mutations are frequent events in the diverse mutational spectrum of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia but largely absent in juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia","volume":"98","author":"Kar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2011.77","article-title":"DNMT3A mutations in myeloproliferative neoplasms","volume":"25","author":"Stegelmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brune, M.M., Rau, A., Overkamp, M., Flaadt, T., Bonzheim, I., Sch\u00fcrch, C.M., Federmann, B., Dirnhofer, S., Fend, F., and Tzankov, A. (2021). Molecular Progression of Myeloproliferative and Myelodysplastic\/Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: A Study on Sequential Bone Marrow Biopsies. Cancers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13225605"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1855","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.31986","article-title":"Janus kinase 2 variants associated with the transformation of myeloproliferative neoplasms into acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"125","author":"Benton","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4426","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2021004668","article-title":"Mutational patterns and their correlation to CHIP-related mutations and age in hematological malignancies","volume":"5","author":"Stengel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1012718","article-title":"p53 Lesions in Leukemic Transformation","volume":"364","author":"Harutyunyan","year":"2011","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E5401","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1407792111","article-title":"Genomic and functional analysis of leukemic transformation of myeloproliferative neoplasms","volume":"111","author":"Rampal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2160","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2016.126","article-title":"RUNX1 mutations in acute myeloid leukemia are associated with distinct clinico-pathologic and genetic features","volume":"30","author":"Gaidzik","year":"2016","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20120521","article-title":"MPN patients harbor recurrent truncating mutations in transcription factor NF-E2","volume":"210","author":"Jutzi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100712","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100712","article-title":"A p53-JAK-STAT connection involved in myeloproliferative neoplasm pathogenesis and progression to secondary acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"42","author":"Goyal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood Rev."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zarka, J., Short, N.J., Kanagal-Shamanna, R., and Issa, G.C. (2020). Nucleophosmin 1 Mutations in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Genes, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/genes11060649"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2019000942","article-title":"Genetics of progression from MDS to secondary leukemia","volume":"136","author":"Menssen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2289","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0810069","article-title":"Mutation in TET2 in Myeloid Cancers","volume":"360","author":"James","year":"2009","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2011.82","article-title":"DNMT3A mutational analysis in primary myelofibrosis, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia and advanced phases of myeloproliferative neoplasms","volume":"25","author":"Pardanani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2012.076729","article-title":"Mutational analysis of therapy-related myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myelogenous leukemia","volume":"98","author":"Shih","year":"2013","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2019-127498","article-title":"Comprehensive Analysis of Genotype and Prior Exposures in Therapy-Related Myeloid Neoplasms (t-MNs)","volume":"134","author":"Guerra","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2220","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-11-537167","article-title":"Clonal evolution and clinical correlates of somatic mutations in myeloproliferative neoplasms","volume":"123","author":"Lundberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V91.3.1008","article-title":"17p Deletion in Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndrome. Analysis of Breakpoints and Deleted Segments by Fluorescence In Situ","volume":"91","author":"Soenen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2114","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-08-375758","article-title":"TP53 alterations in acute myeloid leukemia with complex karyotype correlate with specific copy number alterations, monosomal karyotype, and dismal outcome","volume":"119","author":"Schlenk","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-023-01480-y","article-title":"Novel scheme for defining the clinical implications of TP53 mutations in myeloid neoplasia","volume":"16","author":"Bahaj","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rahm\u00e9, R., Braun, T., Manfredi, J.J., and Fenaux, P. (2023). TP53 Alterations in Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Biomedicines, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11041152"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2516","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-22-0332","article-title":"TP53-Mutated Myelodysplastic Syndrome and Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Biology, Current Therapy, and Future Directions","volume":"12","author":"Daver","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2022015850","article-title":"International Consensus Classification of Myeloid Neoplasms and Acute Leukemias: Integrating morphologic, clinical, and genomic data","volume":"140","author":"Arber","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2021-147811","article-title":"Clonal Hematopoiesis Driven By MDM4 Amplification Defines a Canonical Route Towards Secondary MDS\/AML in Fanconi Anemia Patients","volume":"138","author":"Sebert","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e26714","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.26714","article-title":"Monosomy 7\/del (7q) in inherited bone marrow failure syndromes: A systematic review","volume":"64","author":"Pezeshki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr. Blood Cancer"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108989","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.108989","article-title":"Functional analyses of human LUC7-like proteins involved in splicing regulation and myeloid neoplasms","volume":"35","author":"Daniels","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020010603","article-title":"Machine learning integrates genomic signatures for subclassification beyond primary and secondary acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"138","author":"Awada","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.ircmb.2021.09.003","article-title":"The MPL mutation","volume":"365","author":"Guglielmelli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1186\/s40164-022-00319-5","article-title":"Polyclonal evolution of Fanconi anemia to MDS and AML revealed at single cell resolution","volume":"11","author":"Chang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, C., Kim, H.N., Kwon, J.A., Hwang, J., Park, J.Y., Shin, O.S., Yoon, S.Y., and Yoon, J. (2023). Identification of a Complex Karyotype Signature with Clinical Implications in AML and MDS-EB Using Gene Expression Profiling. Cancers, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15215289"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tembrink, M., Gerding, W.M., Wieczorek, S., Mika, T., Schroers, R., Nguyen, H.P., Ben Vangala, D., and Nilius-Eliliwi, V. (2023). Novel NUP98::ASH1L Gene Fusion in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Detected by Optical Genome Mapping. Cancers, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15112942"},{"key":"ref_118","first-page":"297","article-title":"TET (Ten-eleven translocation) family proteins: Structure, biological functions and applications. Signal Transduct","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_119","first-page":"689","article-title":"Comprehensive analysis of isolated der(1;7)(q10;p10) in a large international homogenous cohort of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. Genes Chromosom","volume":"58","author":"Ganster","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-020-04307-9","article-title":"Progression, transformation, and unusual manifestations of myelodysplastic syndromes and myelodysplastic-myeloproliferative neoplasms: Lessons learned from the XIV European Bone Marrow Working Group Course 2019","volume":"100","author":"Hebeda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266996","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2023.1266996","article-title":"Leukemic conversion involving RAS mutations of type 1 CALR-mutated primary myelofibrosis in a patient treated for HCV cirrhosis: A case report","volume":"13","author":"Gurban","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-80571-z","article-title":"Identification of miR-320 family members as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in myelodysplastic syndromes","volume":"11","author":"Wan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Symeonidis, A., Chatzilygeroudi, T., Chondrou, V., and Sgourou, A. (2022). Contingent Synergistic Interactions between Non-Coding RNAs and DNA-Modifying Enzymes in Myelodysplastic Syndromes. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232416069"},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1080\/16078454.2021.1938429","article-title":"Integrated analysis on mRNA microarray and microRNA microarray to screen immune-related biomarkers and pathways in myelodysplastic syndrome","volume":"26","author":"Lyu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hematology"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e122","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2014.120345","article-title":"Clinical and functional implications of microRNA mutations in a cohort of 935 patients with myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"100","author":"Thol","year":"2015","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2016.02.003","article-title":"Role of microRNA-29b in myelodysplastic syndromes during transformation to overt leukaemia","volume":"48","author":"Kirimura","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pathology"},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pavlovic, D., Tosic, N., Zukic, B., Pravdic, Z., Vukovic, N.S., Pavlovic, S., and Gasic, V. (2022). Expression Profiles of Long Non-Coding RNA GAS5 and MicroRNA-222 in Younger AML Patients. Diagnostics, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12010086"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1080\/10428194.2021.2008381","article-title":"RNA-binding proteins as drivers of AML and novel therapeutic targets","volume":"63","author":"Qin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Leuk. Lymphoma"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bauer, M., Vaxevanis, C., Heimer, N., Al-Ali, H.K., Jaekel, N., Bachmann, M., Wickenhauser, C., and Seliger, B. (2020). Expression, Regulation and Function of microRNA as Important Players in the Transition of MDS to Secondary AML and Their Cross Talk to RNA-Binding Proteins. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21197140"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108670","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108670","article-title":"Inflammation-driven deaminase deregulation fuels human pre-leukemia stem cell evolution","volume":"34","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beha.2019.05.005","article-title":"Daunorubicin-cytarabine liposome (CPX-351) in the management of newly diagnosed secondary AML: A new twist on an old cocktail","volume":"32","author":"Maakaron","year":"2019","journal-title":"Best. Pract. Res. Clin. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Budziszewska, B.K., Salomon-Perzy\u0144ski, A., Pruszczyk, K., Barankiewicz, J., Pluta, A., Helbig, G., Janowska, A., Kuydowicz, M., Bo\u0142kun, \u0141., and Piszcz, J. (2021). Cladribine Combined with Low-Dose Cytarabine as Frontline Treatment for Unfit Elderly Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients: Results from a Prospective Multicenter Study of Polish Adult Leukemia Group (PALG). Cancers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13164189"},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-020-00362-7","article-title":"FBXO11 is a candidate tumor suppressor in the leukemic transformation of myelodysplastic syndrome","volume":"10","author":"Schieber","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3608","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2018023689","article-title":"Randomized trial of 10 days of decitabine \u00b1 bortezomib in untreated older patients with AML: CALGB 11002 (Alliance)","volume":"2","author":"Roboz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"ref_135","first-page":"53","article-title":"Decitabine in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia in elderly patients. Cancer Manag","volume":"6","author":"Malik","year":"2014","journal-title":"Res."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1002\/mc.23600","article-title":"Development of a scoring system for predicting primary resistance to venetoclax plus hypomethylating agents (HMAs) in acute myeloid leukemia patients","volume":"62","author":"Zong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Carcinog."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.36401\/JIPO-21-X2","article-title":"Targeting CD47\/SIRP\u03b1 in Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndrome: Preclinical and Clinical Developments of Magrolimab","volume":"4","author":"Haddad","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Precis. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2019.218453","article-title":"Synergistic effects of PRIMA-1Met (APR-246) and 5-azacitidine in TP53-mutated myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"105","author":"Maslah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-021-00487-3","article-title":"Superior efficacy of co-targeting GFI1\/KDM1A and BRD4 against AML and post-MPN secondary AML cells","volume":"11","author":"Fiskus","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2019.01205","article-title":"Transcriptional Silencing of MCL-1 Through Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibition in Acute Myeloid Leukemia","volume":"9","author":"Tibes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-022-00618-4","article-title":"Efficacy of CDK9 inhibition in therapy of post-myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) secondary (s) AML cells","volume":"12","author":"Fiskus","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2023.01.008","article-title":"Reversal of malignant ADAR1 splice isoform switching with Rebecsinib","volume":"30","author":"Crews","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2019004263","article-title":"RNA modifications in hematopoietic malignancies: A new research frontier","volume":"138","author":"Qing","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-018-0006-1","article-title":"A-to-I RNA editing\u2014Immune protector and transcriptome diversifier","volume":"19","author":"Eisenberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-020-0296-3","article-title":"Inferior outcome of allogeneic stem cell transplantation for secondary acute myeloid leukemia in first complete remission as compared to de novo acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"10","author":"Schmaelter","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2019.05.038","article-title":"Secondary Acute Myeloid Leukemia and the Role of Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation in a Population-Based Setting","volume":"25","author":"Nilsson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-020-00361-8","article-title":"CPX-351 treatment in secondary acute myeloblastic leukemia is effective and improves the feasibility of allogeneic stem cell transplantation: Results of the Italian compassionate use program","volume":"10","author":"Guolo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695051","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.695051","article-title":"Novel Immune Cell-Based Therapies to Eradicate High-Risk Acute Myeloid Leukemia","volume":"12","author":"Limongello","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.00685","article-title":"Successful Anti-CLL1 CAR T-Cell Therapy in Secondary Acute Myeloid Leukemia","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-018-0180-3","article-title":"Coexpression profile of leukemic stem cell markers for combinatorial targeted therapy in AML","volume":"33","author":"Haubner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2227","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-29668-9","article-title":"Allogeneic TCR\u03b1\u03b2 deficient CAR T-cells targeting CD123 in acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"13","author":"Sugita","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.03.052","article-title":"An Integrated Genome-wide CRISPRa Approach to Functionalize lncRNAs in Drug Resistance","volume":"173","author":"Bester","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-018-0235-9","article-title":"Programming CAR-T cells to kill cancer","volume":"2","author":"Labanieh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-021-02420-8","article-title":"Novel CAR T therapy is a ray of hope in the treatment of seriously ill AML patients","volume":"12","author":"Marofi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.16354","article-title":"How to address second and therapy-related acute myelogenous leukaemia","volume":"188","author":"Oliai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-18-0307","article-title":"Phase i trial of autologous CAR T cells targeting NKG2D ligands in patients with AML\/MDS and multiple myeloma","volume":"7","author":"Baumeister","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Res."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bertulfo, K., Debackere, K., Miller, H., Najac, R., Ma, C., Ferrando, A.A., and Palomero, T. (2023, January 6\u201315). Therapeutic Targeting of JAK\/STAT Signaling and Histone Acetyltransferase Activity in Post-Myeloproliferative Neoplasm Secondary AML. Proceedings of the 65th Annual ASH Meeting & E Position, San Diego, CA, USA.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2023-181099"},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rahm\u00e9, R., Vidal, V., Hueso, T., Le Meur, L., Rigal, M., Ivanoff, S., Brechignac, S., De Latour, R.P., Gardin, C., and Braun, T. (2023, January 6\u201315). Treatment of Adverse-Risk and Refractory\/Relapsed Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Patients with FLAG-IDA \u00b1 Venetoclax and CLAG-M: A Monocentric Experience. Proceedings of the 65th Annual ASH Meeting & Exposition, San Diego, CA, USA.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2023-174356"}],"container-title":["Life"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1729\/14\/3\/309\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:05:39Z","timestamp":1760105139000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-1729\/14\/3\/309"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]]},"references-count":158,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["life14030309"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/life14030309","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-1729"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-1729","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]]}}}