{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T15:47:12Z","timestamp":1764604032593,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]],"date-time":"2024-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is an important chronic disease that occurs worldwide. Aims: This study aims to investigate how the use of the FreeStyle\u00ae Libre system in Unified Health System (SUS) patients impacts diabetes parameters in patients who receive education on proper insulin administration and the use of the continuous monitoring device, as well as how this affects patients without any concomitant multidisciplinary support in Sergipe, Brazil. Methods: We conducted a prospective randomized study in a diabetes clinic in Sergipe, Brazil, using the flash method FreeStyle\u00ae Libre (Abbott). The participants were divided into two groups: one receiving diabetes education on CGM (continuous glucose monitoring), while the other did not. Before the intervention, the patient\u2019s treatment motivation and quality of life were assessed using a questionnaire, and baseline levels of glycated hemoglobin were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the point of care AlereTM Afinion with boronate fixation. We compared first- and second-phase data with respect to glycated hemoglobin, mean interstitial blood glucose, time on and above target for hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic events, and mean hypoglycemic duration. Results: In group A, which received the diabetes education intervention, there was a significant reduction in average HbA1c levels from 8.6% to 7.9% after 3 months (p = 0.001). However, there was no significant difference in average glycemic values. Time above target decreased significantly from 50.62% to 29.43% (p = 0.0001), while time below target decreased from 22.90% to 20.21% (p = 0.002). There was no significant change in the number of hypoglycemic events, but the duration of hypoglycemia decreased significantly from 130.35 min to 121.18 min after 3 months (p = 0.0001). In Group B, there was no significant difference in mean HbA1c levels before (7.07%) and after (7.28%) sensor installation. This group maintained lower HbA1c levels compared to the other group. Average blood glucose levels also remained similar before (148.37 mg\/dL) and after (154.65 mg\/dL) the intervention. Although the time above the target glucose level increased significantly from 35.94% to 48.17%, the time at target decreased from 50.40% to 37.97%. No significant changes were observed in the time below target, the number of hypoglycemic events, or the duration of hypoglycemia. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that utilizing continuous glucose monitoring technology can enhance glycemic control, particularly in motivated, educated, low-income patients dependent on the SUS. To achieve positive results with FreeStyle Libre, it is imperative to allocate resources for multidisciplinary support.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life14030320","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]],"date-time":"2024-02-29T02:59:39Z","timestamp":1709175579000},"page":"320","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Impact of Diabetes Education on Continuous Glucose Monitoring in SUS-Dependent Patients in a Northeastern Brazilian City"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Lysandro Pinto","family":"Borges","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-220, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Health and Biological Sciences Center, Federal University of Sergipe, S\u00e3o Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o 49100-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pamela Chaves","family":"de Jesus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Health and Biological Sciences Center, Federal University of Sergipe, S\u00e3o Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o 49100-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessiane Bispo","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Health and Biological Sciences Center, Federal University of Sergipe, S\u00e3o Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o 49100-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8916-5271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deise Maria Rego Rodrigues","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Health and Biological Sciences Center, Federal University of Sergipe, S\u00e3o Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o 49100-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pedro Henrique Macedo","family":"Moura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Health and Biological Sciences Center, Federal University of Sergipe, S\u00e3o Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o 49100-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4928-7802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ronaldy Santana","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Health and Biological Sciences Center, Federal University of Sergipe, S\u00e3o Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o 49100-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4724-0688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina dos Santos","family":"Barreto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Health and Biological Sciences Center, Federal University of Sergipe, S\u00e3o Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o 49100-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adriana Gibara","family":"Guimar\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Health and Biological Sciences Center, Federal University of Sergipe, S\u00e3o Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o 49100-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucas Alves","family":"da Mota Santana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Dentistry, Health and Biological Sciences Center, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju 49060-102, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dennyson Leandro Mathias","family":"da Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interunits of Graduate Studies in Bioinformatics, Institute of Mathematics and Statistics (IME), University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-220, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ikaro Daniel de Carvalho","family":"Barreto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Breno","family":"de Mello Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Science, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 35400-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carla Raquel Pereira","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Health and Biological Sciences Center, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju 49060-102, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karla Freire","family":"Rezende","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Health and Biological Sciences Center, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju 49060-102, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naira Horta","family":"Melo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Health and Biological Sciences Center, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju 49060-102, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elenalda Ferreira dos","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Health and Biological Sciences Center, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju 49060-102, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmem L\u00facia Matias de","family":"Queiroz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, University of Pernambuco, Recife 50100-010, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucia Helena Modesto","family":"Xavier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Association of Juvenile Diabetes Brazil (AJD), \u00c1gua Branca 05003-010, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ot\u00e1vio","family":"Cabral-Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-220, Brazil"},{"name":"Interunits of Graduate Studies in Bioinformatics, Institute of Mathematics and Statistics (IME), University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-220, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-220, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Investigation 29, University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP) School of Medicine, S\u00e3o Paulo 05403-010, Brazil"},{"name":"Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy, and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-000, Brazil"},{"name":"Instituto D\u2019Or de Ensino e Pesquisa, S\u00e3o Paulo 01401-002, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eloia Emanuelly Dias","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Federal University of Sergipe, S\u00e3o Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o 49100-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109119","article-title":"IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global, regional and country-level diabetes prevalence estimates for 2021 and projections for 2045","volume":"183","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. 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