{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T19:59:47Z","timestamp":1789761587913,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,18]],"date-time":"2024-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710720000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Department of Intensive Care at the H\u00f4pital Universitaire de Bruxelles, Belgium"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We investigated independent factors predicting neurological outcome and death, comparing in-hospital (IHCA) and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients. The study was conducted in the mixed 34-bed Intensive Care Department at the H\u00f4pital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), Belgium. All adult consecutive cardiac arrest (CA) survivors were included between 2004 and 2022. For all patients, demographic data, medical comorbidities, CA baseline characteristics, treatments received during Intensive Care Unit stay, in-hospital major complications, and neurological outcome at three months after CA, using the Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) scale, were collected. In the multivariable analysis, in the IHCA group (n = 540), time to return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), older age, unwitnessed CA, higher lactate on admission, asystole as initial rhythm, a non-cardiac cause of CA, the occurrence of shock, the occurrence of acute kidney injury (AKI), and the presence of previous neurological disease and of liver cirrhosis were independent predictors of an unfavorable neurological outcome. Among patients with OHCA (n = 567), time to ROSC, older age, higher lactate level on admission, unwitnessed CA, asystole or pulseless electrical activity (PEA) as initial rhythm, the occurrence of shock, a non-cardiac cause of CA, and a previous neurological disease were independent predictors of an unfavorable neurological outcome. To conclude, in our large cohort of mixed IHCA and OHCA patients, we observed numerous factors independently associated with a poor neurological outcome, with minimal differences between the two groups, reflecting the greater vulnerability of hospitalized patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life14030403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,18]],"date-time":"2024-03-18T08:17:29Z","timestamp":1710749849000},"page":"403","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["A Comparison of Prognostic Factors in a Large Cohort of In-Hospital and Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8069-3171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rossana","family":"Soloperto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care, Brussels University Hospital (HUB), Free University of Brussels (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Intensive Care Unit Section, \u201cAldo Moro\u201d University, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7823-7271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federica","family":"Magni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care, Brussels University Hospital (HUB), Free University of Brussels (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Emergency Department, ASST Sette Laghi, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, 21100 Varese, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Farinella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care, Brussels University Hospital (HUB), Free University of Brussels (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Istituto Mediterraneo per I Trapianti e Terapie ad alta Specializzazione (IRCCS-ISMETT), 90127 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa Gouvea","family":"Bogossian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care, Brussels University Hospital (HUB), Free University of Brussels (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6885-5353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Peluso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care, Brussels University Hospital (HUB), Free University of Brussels (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9606-6586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"De Luca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hypertension Research Center, Department of Advanced Biomedical Science, \u201cFederico II\u201d University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio Silvio","family":"Taccone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care, Brussels University Hospital (HUB), Free University of Brussels (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Experimental Laboratory of Intensive Care, Free University of Brussels (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1271-9034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filippo","family":"Annoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care, Brussels University Hospital (HUB), Free University of Brussels (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Experimental Laboratory of Intensive Care, Free University of Brussels (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2019.12.042","article-title":"Survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Europe\u2014Results of the EuReCa TWO study","volume":"148","author":"Wnent","year":"2020","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-021-06368-4","article-title":"European Resuscitation Council and European Society of Intensive Care Medicine guidelines 2021: Post-resuscitation care","volume":"47","author":"Nolan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-2773-2","article-title":"The global survival rate among adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients who received cardiopulmonary resuscitation: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Yan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit. 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